Hebei Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil Ecology, Hebei Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Water Resources, Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetic and Developmental Biology, The Chinese Academy of Sciences, 286 Huaizhong Road, Shijiazhuang, 050021, Hebei, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
Research Center for Environmental Ecology and Engineering, School of Environmental Ecology and Biological Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan, 430205, China.
Environ Res. 2024 Nov 1;260:119663. doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.119663. Epub 2024 Jul 21.
As an emerging contaminant, microplastics (MPs) have received considerable attention for their potential threat to the soil environment. However, the response of soil bacterial and fungal communities to MPs exposure remains unclear. In this study, we conducted a global meta-analysis of 95 publications and 2317 observations to assess the effects of nonbiodegradable MP properties and exposure conditions on soil microbial biomass, alpha and beta diversity, and community structure. Our results indicate that MPs increased (p < 0.05) soil active microbial biomass by 42%, with the effect varying with MPs type, exposure concentration, exposure time and soil pH. MPs concentration was identified as the most important factor controlling the response of soil microbial biomass to MPs. MPs addition decreased (p < 0.05) the soil bacterial Shannon and Chao1 indices by 2% and 3%, respectively, but had limited effects (p > 0.05) on soil fungal Shannon and Chao1 indices. The type of MPs and exposure time determined the effects of MPs on bacterial Shannon and Chao1 indices, while the type of MPs and soil pH controlled the response ratios of fungal Shannon and Chao1 indices to MPs. Specifically, soil organic carbon (SOC) was the major factor regulating the response ratio of bacterial alpha diversity index to MPs. The presence of MPs did not affect soil bacterial community structure and beta diversity. Our results highlight that MPs reduced bacterial diversity and richness but increased the soil active microbial biomass, suggesting that MPs could disrupt biogeochemical cycles by promoting the growth of specific microorganisms.
作为一种新兴污染物，微塑料（MPs）因其对土壤环境的潜在威胁而受到广泛关注。然而，土壤细菌和真菌群落对 MPs 暴露的响应仍不清楚。在这项研究中，我们对 95 篇文献和 2317 个观测值进行了全球荟萃分析，以评估不可生物降解的 MPs 特性和暴露条件对土壤微生物生物量、α和β多样性以及群落结构的影响。我们的结果表明，MPs 增加了（p<0.05）土壤活性微生物生物量 42%，其效应随 MPs 类型、暴露浓度、暴露时间和土壤 pH 值而变化。MPs 浓度被确定为控制土壤微生物生物量对 MPs 响应的最重要因素。MPs 的添加降低了（p<0.05）土壤细菌 Shannon 和 Chao1 指数分别为 2%和 3%，但对土壤真菌 Shannon 和 Chao1 指数的影响有限（p>0.05）。MPs 的类型和暴露时间决定了 MPs 对细菌 Shannon 和 Chao1 指数的影响，而 MPs 的类型和土壤 pH 值控制了真菌 Shannon 和 Chao1 指数对 MPs 的响应比。具体而言，土壤有机碳（SOC）是调节细菌α多样性指数对 MPs 响应比的主要因素。MPs 的存在并未影响土壤细菌群落结构和β多样性。我们的研究结果表明，MPs 降低了细菌多样性和丰富度，但增加了土壤活性微生物生物量，这表明 MPs 可能通过促进特定微生物的生长来破坏生物地球化学循环。
