Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Environment and Resource Utilization, Ministry of Education, School of Resources Environmental & Chemical Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China; State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, and State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Simulation and Control of Groundwater Pollution, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China.
State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, and State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Simulation and Control of Groundwater Pollution, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China.
Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 2022 Jan 1;229:113045. doi: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.113045. Epub 2021 Dec 7.
The threat of microplastic (MP) pollution of soil ecosystems has aroused global concern; however, relatively few studies have focused on the effects of MPs on both bacterial and fungal communities in soil. In this study, a 310-day soil incubation experiment was designed to examine the effects of 7% and 14% (W/W) polyethylene (PE), polystyrene (PS), and polyvinyl chloride (PVC) MPs on soil enzyme activities and soil bacterial as well as fungal communities. The findings revealed that all three kinds of MPs stimulated soil enzyme activities, with 14% PVC, 7% PS, and 14% PE having the greatest impact on the activities of catalase, urease, and alkaline phosphatase. MPs did not change the types but the relative abundance of these phyla in soil. MPs mainly increased the abundance of Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, and Ascomycota as well as declined the abundance of Acidobacteria, Basidiomycota, and Chytridiomycota. The response of fungi to MPs was stronger than that of bacteria, and the diversity of fungal communities was more sensitive to the impact of MPs than that of bacterial communities. PVC had the greatest impact on the diversity of microbial communities. PICRUSt analysis revealed that MPs mainly promoted the metabolic function of soil bacteria. Based on the FUNGuid tool, it was found that MPs had significant effects on fungi, which were closely related to plant growth. These results indicate that the impact of MPs on soil microbial communities depends on the type and concentration of MPs and that bacteria and fungi are affected differently by MPs. Future studies could be focused on the different effects of MPs on fungi and bacteria, and what effect will this difference have on plant growth.
土壤生态系统中微塑料（MP）污染的威胁引起了全球关注；然而，相对较少的研究关注 MPs 对土壤中细菌和真菌群落的影响。在这项研究中，设计了一个为期 310 天的土壤培养实验，以研究 7%和 14%（W/W）聚乙烯（PE）、聚苯乙烯（PS）和聚氯乙烯（PVC） MPs 对土壤酶活性以及土壤细菌和真菌群落的影响。结果表明，所有三种 MPs 都刺激了土壤酶活性，其中 14% PVC、7% PS 和 14% PE 对过氧化氢酶、脲酶和碱性磷酸酶活性的影响最大。 MPs 没有改变土壤中这些门的类型，但改变了它们的相对丰度。 MPs 主要增加了变形菌门、放线菌门和子囊菌门的丰度，降低了酸杆菌门、担子菌门和壶菌门的丰度。真菌对 MPs 的响应强于细菌，真菌群落的多样性对 MPs 影响的敏感性高于细菌群落。PVC 对微生物群落的多样性影响最大。 PICRUSt 分析表明， MPs 主要促进了土壤细菌的代谢功能。基于 FUNGuid 工具，发现 MPs 对真菌有显著影响，与植物生长密切相关。这些结果表明， MPs 对土壤微生物群落的影响取决于 MPs 的类型和浓度，并且细菌和真菌受到 MPs 的影响不同。未来的研究可以集中在 MPs 对真菌和细菌的不同影响上，以及这种差异对植物生长的影响。
