Pichikov Aleksey, Popov Yuri
Consort Psychiatr. 2022 Jul 5;3(2):5-13. doi: 10.17816/CP166. eCollection 2022.
Among the existing issues related to the health and quality of life of Russian adolescents, suicidal behavior is being actively discussed; however, the available comprehensive measures for prevention of suicide and attempts at suicide at this age do not provide an adequate solution. This is due to the fact that suicide is an integrative phenomenon, and the act of suicide itself is interpreted, in essence, as the "tip of the iceberg". What is especially clearly manifested in adolescence is the fact that the readiness to commit suicide is associated not so much with the level of severity of mental pathology and personality dysfunction, but with the general social context lack of well-being of total trouble. Therefore, suicide prevention cannot be based purely on the timely identification of persons at risk for mental pathology.
The purpose of this work is to analyze the available literature on current approaches that have demonstrated their efficacy in reducing suicidal behavior in adolescents.
The authors performed a narrative review of the relevant literature published between 2012 and 2021. They analyzed the works presented in the PubMed, MEDLINE, and Web of Science electronic databases. Descriptive analysis was used to generalize the data obtained.
The article discusses preventive approaches to suicidal behavior in adolescents, which are most often studied, and which are also used in practical healthcare. It outlines the problems associated with the implementation and evaluation of the efficacy of these preventive programs.
The continuing high rate of suicide among adolescents calls for an urgent concerted effort to develop, disseminate, and implement more effective prevention strategies. School-based approaches are the most convenient in practical terms, but they require systematic and long-term use of anti-suicidal programs. Digital interventions can reduce the economic burden of their use, including assessing suicidal risk and identifying psychopathology associated with suicidality.
在与俄罗斯青少年健康和生活质量相关的现有问题中，自杀行为正受到积极讨论；然而，目前针对该年龄段预防自杀及自杀未遂的综合措施并未提供充分的解决方案。这是因为自杀是一种综合现象，自杀行为本身本质上被视为“冰山一角”。在青少年时期尤其明显的是，自杀倾向与其说是与精神病理学严重程度和人格功能障碍水平相关，不如说是与整体社会背景中普遍存在的幸福感缺失和各种困扰相关。因此，自杀预防不能仅仅基于及时识别有精神病理学风险的人群。
本研究的目的是分析现有文献中已证明在减少青少年自杀行为方面有效的当前方法。
作者对2012年至2021年期间发表的相关文献进行了叙述性综述。他们分析了在PubMed、MEDLINE和科学网电子数据库中呈现的研究成果。采用描述性分析对所得数据进行归纳总结。
本文讨论了青少年自杀行为的预防方法，这些方法是最常被研究的，也是实际医疗保健中所采用的。文中概述了与这些预防项目的实施和效果评估相关的问题。
青少年自杀率持续居高不下，这就需要紧急共同努力来制定、传播和实施更有效的预防策略。从实际角度来看，基于学校的方法最为便利，但它们需要系统且长期地使用反自杀项目。数字干预可以减轻使用这些项目的经济负担，包括评估自杀风险以及识别与自杀倾向相关的精神病理学问题。
