Basic Medicine Research Innovation Center for Cardiometabolic Diseases, Ministry of Education, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China.
School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China.
J Mater Chem B. 2024 Aug 22;12(33):8048-8061. doi: 10.1039/d4tb00403e.
Photothermal therapy (PTT) is an important non-invasive cancer treatment method. Enhancing the photothermal conversion efficiency (PCE) of photothermal agents (PTAs) and prolonging their tumor accumulation and retention are effective strategies to enhance the efficiency of cancer PTT. Recently, tremendous progress has been made in developing stimuli-responsive aggregable gold nanoparticles as effective PTAs for PTT. In this review, we discuss the chemical principles underlying gold nanoparticle aggregation and highlight the progress in gold nanoparticle aggregation triggered by different stimuli, especially tumor microenvironment-related factors, for cancer PTT. Covalent condensation reactions, click cycloaddition reactions, chelation reactions, and Au-S bonding, as well as non-covalent electrostatic interactions, hydrophobic interactions, hydrogen bonding, and van der Waals forces play key roles in the aggregation of gold nanoparticles. Enzymes, pH, reactive oxygen species, small molecules, salts, and light drive the occurrence of gold nanoparticle aggregation. Targeted aggregation of gold nanoparticles prolongs tumor accumulation and retention of PTAs and improves PCE, resulting in enhanced tumor PTT. Moreover, the major challenges of aggregable gold nanoparticles as PTAs are pointed out and the promising applications are also prospected at the end. With the deepening of research, we expect aggregable gold nanoparticles to become essential PTAs for tumor therapy.
光热疗法（PTT）是一种重要的非侵入性癌症治疗方法。提高光热剂（PTAs）的光热转换效率（PCE）并延长其在肿瘤中的积累和保留时间是提高癌症 PTT 效率的有效策略。最近，在开发响应性聚集金纳米粒子作为有效的 PTT 光热剂方面取得了巨大进展。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了金纳米粒子聚集的化学原理，并强调了不同刺激（尤其是与肿瘤微环境相关的因素）引发的金纳米粒子聚集在癌症 PTT 中的进展。金纳米粒子聚集的关键作用包括共价缩合反应、点击环加成反应、螯合反应和 Au-S 键合以及非共价静电相互作用、疏水相互作用、氢键和范德华力。酶、pH 值、活性氧、小分子、盐和光驱动金纳米粒子的聚集。靶向聚集的金纳米粒子延长了 PTA 在肿瘤中的积累和保留时间，并提高了 PCE，从而增强了肿瘤 PTT。此外，还指出了可聚集金纳米粒子作为 PTA 的主要挑战，并对其有前景的应用进行了展望。随着研究的深入，我们期望可聚集金纳米粒子成为肿瘤治疗的重要 PTA。
