McClanahan T R, Oddenyo R M
Global Marine Programs, Wildlife Conservation Society, Bronx, New York, USA.
Kenyan Marine Program, Wildlife Conservation Society, Mombasa, Kenya.
Conserv Biol. 2025 Feb;39(1):e14333. doi: 10.1111/cobi.14333. Epub 2024 Jul 24.
The ability to strengthen governance institutions and fisheries restrictions and laws is needed to improve conservation and management of common-pool resources. We evaluated the potential for stimulating change with modest interventions by studying fishing village households before and after a 27-month intervention period in a high-priority coral reef conservation area. Interventions included training in catch monitoring, stock assessment, mapping fishing grounds, microcredit, gender inclusion, theatrical skills, fuel efficient stoves, and participation in the planning of a conservation proposal. There was a background increase in reported formal education, household size, group membership, and household wealth but a decrease in fish consumption and public services. Of conservation importance, the perceived strength of 13 governance institutions and benefits of 6 fisheries restrictions increased over the intervention period. Finally, correspondence between knowledge of and agreement with recent national fisheries laws was moderate to high and positively correlated. The intervention period was stronger than demographic factors that often influence perceptions, such as village, government services, gender, household size, membership in community groups, and age responses. In general, perceptions of strengths of governance and benefits of restrictions increased more among women and youth than adult men respondents. The largest changes in perceptions of increased benefits were among strict restrictions initially ranked low, specifically fisheries closures, parks, and species restrictions. Consequently, capacity building overrode demographic factors common to poor people with limited employment capacity that can have negative perceptions of strict conservation.
需要加强治理机构以及渔业限制和法律，以改善对公域资源的养护和管理。我们通过研究在一个高度优先的珊瑚礁保护区进行为期27个月的干预前后的渔村家庭，评估了通过适度干预刺激变革的潜力。干预措施包括捕捞监测培训、资源评估、渔场测绘、小额信贷、性别包容、戏剧技能、节能炉灶以及参与保护提案的规划。报告的正规教育、家庭规模、团体成员身份和家庭财富出现了背景性增长，但鱼类消费和公共服务有所下降。具有保护重要性的是，在干预期间，13个治理机构的感知强度和6项渔业限制的效益有所增加。最后，对近期国家渔业法律的了解与认同之间的对应程度为中等至高度，且呈正相关。干预期比通常影响认知的人口因素更强，如村庄、政府服务、性别、家庭规模、社区团体成员身份和年龄反应。总体而言，女性和青年对治理强度和限制效益的认知增长幅度大于成年男性受访者。对效益增加的认知变化最大的是最初排名较低的严格限制措施，特别是渔业禁渔、公园和物种限制。因此，能力建设超越了就业能力有限的贫困人口常见的人口因素，这些因素可能对严格的保护措施有负面认知。
