Odeny Lazarus, Gathecha Gladwell, Mwenda Valerian, Kendagor Anne, Cheburet Samuel, Mugi Beatrice, Mithi Caroline, Jaguga Florence, Okinda Kennedy, Devotsu Rachel K, Mohamed Shukri F, Ong'ang'o Jane Rahedi
Centre for Respiratory Diseases Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kisumu, Kenya.
Division of Non-communicable Diseases, Kenya Ministry of Health, Nairobi, Kenya.
Tob Induc Dis. 2024 Jul 24;22. doi: 10.18332/tid/186170. eCollection 2024.
Tobacco smoking poses a significant risk for various diseases, including cardiovascular diseases, chronic respiratory diseases, and cancers. In Kenya, tobacco-related deaths contribute substantially to non-communicable disease mortality. This study aims to quantify the mortality attributed to tobacco smoking in Kenya from 2012 to 2021.
Employing a prevalence-based analysis model, the study utilized population attributable fraction (PAF) to estimate age-specific smoke attributable mortality (SAM) rates for individuals aged ≥35 years. Causes of death associated with tobacco use, including cancers, cardiovascular diseases, respiratory diseases, tuberculosis, and diabetes, were analyzed based on age, sex, and death records between 2012 and 2021.
Over the study period, 60228 deaths were attributed to tobacco-related diseases, with an annual increase observed until 2016 and subsequent fluctuations. Respiratory diseases, diabetes mellitus, malignant cancers, tuberculosis, and cardiovascular diseases collectively accounted for 16.5% of deaths among individuals aged ≥35 years. Notable contributors were pneumonia and influenza (respiratory diseases), esophageal cancer (cancers), and cerebrovascular diseases (cardiovascular diseases). Of the observed deaths, 16.5% were attributed to smoking, with respiratory diseases (40.5%), malignant cancers (31.4%), tuberculosis (13%), cardiovascular diseases (8.9%), and diabetes mellitus (6.1%) contributing. Pneumonia and influenza, esophageal cancer, chronic airway obstruction, and tuberculosis were primary causes, comprising 70% of all SAM.
Tobacco-related mortality is a significant public health concern in Kenya. Efforts should focus on preventing tobacco use and managing associated disease burdens. Smoking cessation initiatives and comprehensive tobacco control measures are imperative to mitigate the impact on population health.
吸烟对包括心血管疾病、慢性呼吸道疾病和癌症在内的多种疾病构成重大风险。在肯尼亚，与烟草相关的死亡在非传染性疾病死亡率中占很大比例。本研究旨在量化2012年至2021年期间肯尼亚因吸烟导致的死亡率。
该研究采用基于患病率的分析模型，利用人群归因分数（PAF）来估计35岁及以上个体的特定年龄吸烟归因死亡率（SAM）。根据2012年至2021年期间的年龄、性别和死亡记录，分析了与烟草使用相关的死亡原因，包括癌症、心血管疾病、呼吸道疾病、结核病和糖尿病。
在研究期间，60228例死亡归因于烟草相关疾病，2016年前呈年度上升趋势，随后有所波动。呼吸道疾病、糖尿病、恶性癌症、结核病和心血管疾病合计占35岁及以上个体死亡人数的16.5%。主要贡献因素包括肺炎和流感（呼吸道疾病）、食管癌（癌症）和脑血管疾病（心血管疾病）。在观察到的死亡病例中，16.5%归因于吸烟，其中呼吸道疾病（40.5%）、恶性癌症（31.4%）、结核病（13%）、心血管疾病（8.9%）和糖尿病（6.1%）。肺炎和流感、食管癌、慢性气道阻塞和结核病是主要原因，占所有SAM的70%。
在肯尼亚，与烟草相关的死亡率是一个重大的公共卫生问题。应努力预防烟草使用并管理相关疾病负担。戒烟倡议和全面的烟草控制措施对于减轻对人群健康的影响至关重要。
