Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
Department of Public Health, Health Promotion and Disease Prevention Research Group (Grupo de Investigación Promoción de la Salud y Prevención de la Enfermedad - GIPSPE), Universidad de Caldas, Manizales, Colombia.
J Glob Health. 2021 Mar 27;11:04014. doi: 10.7189/jogh.11.04014.
Dating from the 1920s and linked to the increase in mortality among smokers, tobacco has become one of the most studied health risk factors. Tobacco-use series, whether for the general population or for specific groups, are unavailable for most South American countries, something that hinders the characterisation of this risk factor.
To identify and analyse studies that estimate smoking-attributable mortality (SAM) in South America and provide an overview of the impact of smoking habit on mortality in the region.
Systematic review using PubMed, Embase, LILACS, , Google Scholar and Google, and including all papers published until June 2020 reporting studies in which SAM was estimated.
The search yielded 140 papers, 17 of which fulfilled the inclusion criteria. There were SAM estimates for all South American countries, with Argentina having the most. The first estimate covered 1981 and the latest, 2013. The method most used was prevalence-based. Regardless of the country and point in time covered by the estimate, the highest figures were recorded for men in all cases. The burden of attributable vs observed mortality varied among countries, reaching a figure of 20.3% in Argentina in 1986. The highest SAM burden was registered for the group of cardiovascular diseases.
SAM estimates are available for all South American countries but the respective study periods differ and the frequency of the estimates is unclear. For 4 countries, the only estimates available are drawn from reports, something that does not allow for a detailed assessment of the estimates obtained. To help with decision-making targeted at evaluating and enhancing the impact of smoking control policies, further studies are needed in order to update the impact of smoking on all countries across South America.
自 20 世纪 20 年代以来，与吸烟者死亡率的上升有关的烟草已成为研究最多的健康风险因素之一。大多数南美国家都没有针对一般人群或特定人群的烟草使用系列，这阻碍了对这一风险因素的特征描述。
确定和分析估计南美的吸烟归因死亡率（SAM）的研究，并提供该地区吸烟习惯对死亡率影响的概述。
系统检索 PubMed、Embase、LILACS、 、Google Scholar 和 Google 中的文献，纳入截至 2020 年 6 月报告 SAM 估计的所有论文。
搜索结果得到 140 篇论文，其中 17 篇符合纳入标准。所有南美国家都有 SAM 估计，阿根廷的估计最多。第一项估计涵盖 1981 年，最新的估计为 2013 年。最常用的方法是基于流行率的方法。无论所涵盖的国家和时间点如何，在所有情况下，男性的数字最高。归因死亡率与观察到的死亡率之间的负担在各国之间有所不同，1986 年阿根廷达到 20.3%。SAM 负担最高的是心血管疾病组。
所有南美国家都有 SAM 估计，但各自的研究时期不同，估计的频率也不清楚。对于 4 个国家，唯一可用的估计数是从报告中得出的，这使得无法对获得的估计数进行详细评估。为了帮助做出决策，以评估和加强控烟政策的影响，需要进一步研究，以更新整个南美洲所有国家吸烟的影响。
