Berent Dominika, Wojnar Marcin
Masovian Regional Psychiatric Hospital Drewnica, Ząbki, Poland.
Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.
Arch Med Sci. 2020 Jun 15;20(3):769-789. doi: 10.5114/aoms.2020.96343. eCollection 2024.
The present study evaluated whether adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are significantly and independently associated with six key outcomes in the Polish general population: (1) lifetime suicide attempt, (2) self-mutilation, (3) potential problem drinking, (4) use of street drugs, (5) visiting a psychologist/psychotherapist, and (6) visiting a psychiatrist. We also investigated whether ACEs explain a significant proportion of variability in generalized self-efficacy.
Six hundred and fifty-nine individuals completed the ACE Study questionnaire (physical, verbal, and sexual abuse; neglect; select family dysfunctions) and three additional questions [ACE (13) questionnaire]: witnessing (1) a family member's suicide attempt or (2) death due to any cause except completed suicide, and (3) a stranger's death due to any cause (e.g., traffic accident). Generalized self-efficacy was assessed with the Generalized Self-Efficacy Scale.
The likelihood of lifetime use of street drugs, potential problem drinking, and visiting a psychologist/psychotherapist and psychiatrist increased as ACE and ACE (13) score increased. As compared to scores of < 4, ACE (13) scores of ≥ 4 were associated with a 10.8-fold increased likelihood of self-mutilation, a 3.26-fold increased likelihood of potential problem drinking, a 5.72-fold increased likelihood of visiting a psychologist/psychotherapist, and a 6.71-fold increased likelihood of visiting a psychiatrist. ACE (13) score explained 1.2% of the variability in generalized self-efficacy.
The present study identified a strong association between childhood adversity and increased likelihood of lifetime self-mutilation, potential problem drinking, visiting a psychologist/psychotherapist, and visiting a psychiatrist. Generalized self-efficacy may be an important target for secondary intervention following childhood adversity.
本研究评估了童年不良经历（ACEs）是否与波兰普通人群的六个关键结果存在显著且独立的关联：（1）终生自杀未遂，（2）自残，（3）潜在的问题饮酒，（4）使用街头毒品，（5）拜访心理学家/心理治疗师，以及（6）拜访精神科医生。我们还调查了ACEs是否能解释一般自我效能感中很大一部分的变异性。
659名个体完成了ACE研究问卷（身体虐待、言语虐待和性虐待；忽视；特定家庭功能障碍）以及另外三个问题[ACE（13）问卷]：目睹（1）家庭成员自杀未遂或（2）因除自杀完成以外的任何原因导致的死亡，以及（3）因任何原因（如交通事故）导致的陌生人死亡。使用一般自我效能量表评估一般自我效能感。
随着ACE和ACE（13）得分的增加，终生使用街头毒品、潜在问题饮酒以及拜访心理学家/心理治疗师和精神科医生的可能性增加。与得分<4相比，ACE（13）得分≥4与自残可能性增加10.8倍、潜在问题饮酒可能性增加3.26倍、拜访心理学家/心理治疗师可能性增加5.72倍以及拜访精神科医生可能性增加6.71倍相关。ACE（13）得分解释了一般自我效能感中1.2%的变异性。
本研究发现童年逆境与终生自残、潜在问题饮酒、拜访心理学家/心理治疗师以及拜访精神科医生的可能性增加之间存在强烈关联。一般自我效能感可能是童年逆境后二级干预的一个重要目标。
