Department of the Second Clinical Medical College, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730030, China.
Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Environmental Oncology, Lanzhou, 730030, China.
Clin Exp Med. 2024 Jul 25;24(1):168. doi: 10.1007/s10238-024-01435-8.
Cancers associated with pathogen infections are gradually becoming important threats to human health globally, and it is of great significance to study the mechanisms of pathogen carcinogenesis. Current mechanistic studies rely on animal and two-dimensional (2D) cell culture models, but traditional methods have been proven insufficient for the rapid modeling of diseases caused by new pathogens. Therefore, research focus has shifted to organoid models, which can replicate the structural and genetic characteristics of the target tissues or organs in vitro, providing new platforms for the study of pathogen-induced oncogenic mechanisms. This review summarizes the application of organoid technology in the studies of four pathogen-associated cancers: gastric cancer linked to Helicobacter pylori, liver cancer associated with hepatitis B virus or hepatitis C virus, colorectal cancer caused by Escherichia coli, and cervical cancer related to human papillomavirus. This review also proposes several limitations of organoid technology to optimize organoid models and advance the treatment of cancer associated with pathogen infections in the future.
与病原体感染相关的癌症逐渐成为全球范围内人类健康的重要威胁，研究病原体致癌机制具有重要意义。目前的机制研究依赖于动物和二维（2D）细胞培养模型，但传统方法已被证明不足以快速模拟新病原体引起的疾病。因此，研究重点已转向类器官模型，它可以在体外复制目标组织或器官的结构和遗传特征，为研究病原体诱导的致癌机制提供新的平台。本综述总结了类器官技术在四种与病原体相关的癌症研究中的应用：与幽门螺杆菌相关的胃癌、与乙型肝炎病毒或丙型肝炎病毒相关的肝癌、由大肠杆菌引起的结直肠癌以及与人类乳头瘤病毒相关的宫颈癌。本综述还提出了类器官技术的几个局限性，以优化类器官模型，并为未来治疗与病原体感染相关的癌症提出建议。
