State Key Laboratory of Targeting Oncology, National Center for International Research of Bio-targeting Theranostics, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Bio-targeting Theranostics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Targeting Tumor Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangxi Medical University, 530021 Nanning, Guangxi, China.
School of Pharmacy, Guangxi Medical University, 530021 Nanning, Guangxi, China.
Discov Med. 2024 Jul;36(186):1316-1333. doi: 10.24976/Discov.Med.202436186.122.
The detection of tumor markers is crucial for assessing the progression of specific cancers. Numerous research studies have shown that immunosensors can convert immune-specific response biosignals into visual signals, enabling the highly sensitive tracking and detection of tumor markers. This offers a promising solution for early cancer diagnosis. However, most tumor markers are inert molecules that are challenging to detect at low concentrations in the early stages of cancer. Therefore, there is a need to develop immunosensor analysis platforms with a higher sensitivity. Nanomaterials, with their advantages of high stability, low cost, and versatility in design, have emerged as ideal candidates for enhancing the performance of immunosensor analysis. In this paper, we review the design ideas of nanomaterials in antibody-based electrochemical, electrochemiluminescent, and photoelectrochemical immunosensors, including electrode interface modification, signaling probes for stimulating sensing signals, and design strategies of modified materials in signaling mechanisms. In addition, we have thoroughly analyzed the performance, advantages and disadvantages of different immunosensors. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to review the recent advances in advanced nanomaterial strategies for different immunosensors and their biomedical applications, and to point out the challenges and prospects of immunosensors in future clinical applications.
肿瘤标志物的检测对于评估特定癌症的进展至关重要。大量研究表明，免疫传感器可以将免疫特异性反应生物信号转化为视觉信号，从而实现对肿瘤标志物的高灵敏度跟踪和检测。这为癌症的早期诊断提供了有前途的解决方案。然而，大多数肿瘤标志物是惰性分子，在癌症的早期阶段，其浓度很低，难以检测。因此，需要开发具有更高灵敏度的免疫传感器分析平台。纳米材料具有高稳定性、低成本和设计多功能性等优点，已成为增强免疫传感器分析性能的理想候选材料。本文综述了纳米材料在基于抗体的电化学、电致化学发光和光电化学免疫传感器中的设计思路，包括电极界面修饰、刺激传感信号的信号探针以及信号机制中修饰材料的设计策略。此外，我们还彻底分析了不同免疫传感器的性能、优缺点。因此，本文旨在综述不同免疫传感器中先进纳米材料策略的最新进展及其在生物医学中的应用，并指出免疫传感器在未来临床应用中的挑战和前景。
