Yahaya Tajudeen Olanrewaju, Ibrahim Abdulgafar Bala, Kalgo Abdulrahman Sani, Adewale Mutiyat Kehinde, Emmanuela Chikelu Chinelo, Abdulkadir Baliqees, Fari Adamu Zainab, Attahiru Asiya Koko, Saadatu Abdullahi, Wanda Joseph Dahali
Department of Biological Sciences, Federal University Birnin Kebbi, Kebbi State, Nigeria.
Environ Anal Health Toxicol. 2024 Jun;39(2):e2024021-0. doi: 10.5620/eaht.2024021. Epub 2024 Jun 26.
The global occurrence of microplastics and their poorly understood health implications underscore the need for scientific investigation. This study aimed to assess the effects of microplastics exposure. Twenty-five (25) albino rats (Rattus norvegicus) were divided into five (5) groups, each consisting of five rats. Group 1 (the negative control) received normal feed; group 2 (the positive control) was administered a 10 % lead acetate solution; and groups 3, 4, and 5 were administered 1 %, 5 %, and 10 % microplastic solutions, respectively. The rats were monitored for 28 days, after which blood samples were taken for hematological and lipid profiles as well as liver and kidney function parameters. The results revealed dose-dependent significant (p < 0.05) alterations in the health indices of the treated rats and the positive control compared with the negative control. Specifically, the hematological parameters, including the white blood cells (WBC) and its subtypes, were reduced, indicating immunosuppressive effects, and the red blood cells (RBC), hemoglobin (HGB), hematocrit (HCT), platelets, mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) were reduced, indicating anemia. The 1 % and 5 % microplastic solutions raised the lipid profiles of the treated rats, including total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), and low-density lipoprotein (LDL), while the 10 % concentration decreased them, causing hyperlipidemia and hypolipidemia, respectively. The liver function parameters, including total protein (TP), albumin (ALB), aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP), were elevated, indicating liver damage. Elevation of kidney function parameters, including sodium ion (Na+), potassium ion (K+), chloride ion (Cl-), urea, and creatinine (CRT), were noticed, suggesting kidney injuries. It can be inferred from these results that microplastics are toxic. Hence, human exposure to microplastics should be reduced to a minimum.
微塑料在全球范围内的出现及其对健康的影响尚不清楚，这凸显了科学调查的必要性。本研究旨在评估微塑料暴露的影响。将25只白化大鼠（褐家鼠）分为5组，每组5只。第1组（阴性对照组）给予正常饲料；第2组（阳性对照组）给予10%的醋酸铅溶液；第3、4和5组分别给予1%、5%和10%的微塑料溶液。对大鼠进行28天的监测，之后采集血样进行血液学和血脂分析以及肝功能和肾功能参数检测。结果显示，与阴性对照组相比，处理组大鼠和阳性对照组的健康指标出现了剂量依赖性的显著（p < 0.05）变化。具体而言，血液学参数，包括白细胞（WBC）及其亚型减少，表明有免疫抑制作用，红细胞（RBC）、血红蛋白（HGB）、血细胞比容（HCT）、血小板、平均红细胞体积（MCV）、平均红细胞血红蛋白（MCH）和平均红细胞血红蛋白浓度（MCHC）减少，表明有贫血。1%和5%的微塑料溶液提高了处理组大鼠的血脂水平，包括总胆固醇（TC）、甘油三酯（TG）、高密度脂蛋白（HDL）和低密度脂蛋白（LDL），而10%的浓度则使其降低，分别导致高脂血症和低脂血症。肝功能参数，包括总蛋白（TP）、白蛋白（ALB）、天冬氨酸转氨酶（AST）、丙氨酸转氨酶（ALT）和碱性磷酸酶（ALP）升高，表明肝脏受损。肾功能参数，包括钠离子（Na +）、钾离子（K +）、氯离子（Cl -）、尿素和肌酐（CRT）升高，提示肾脏损伤。从这些结果可以推断，微塑料具有毒性。因此，应将人类接触微塑料的情况降至最低。
