Mbau Lilian, Gitura Bernard, Nguchu Hellen, Moraa Yubrine, Samia Bernard, Beaney Thomas, Toopchiani Sima, Poulter Neil R, Ogola Elijah
Programmes, Kenya Cardiac Society, Nairobi, Kenya.
Cardiology Unit, Kenyatta National Teaching and Referral Hospital, Nairobi, Kenya.
Eur Heart J Suppl. 2024 Jul 24;26(Suppl 3):iii51-iii54. doi: 10.1093/eurheartjsupp/suae057. eCollection 2024 Jun.
Hypertension is a major contributor to premature death and disability globally. The age-standardized prevalence of hypertension among adults aged 30-79 years is among the highest at 36%. Despite the availability of cost-effective interventions, awareness, treatment, and control rates remain low. To tackle this and raise awareness, the May Measurement Month (MMM) campaign was initiated by the International Society of Hypertension in 2017. This paper summarizes results from the 2021 MMM campaign. Screening was conducted in 22 sites across 7 counties. We aimed to take three blood pressure (BP) readings and corresponding heart rate measurements as per the standardized protocol. Where this was not achievable, at least one reading was taken. Other variables recorded included demographic data, risk factors, comorbidities, and history of COVID-19 infection. A total of 9738 individuals were screened, of whom 57% were female. After multiple imputations, 28.2% were hypertensive, of whom 45.9% were aware and 42.0% were on treatment. Of those on treatment, 50.3% were controlled, translating to control among only 21.1% of the total hypertensive population. Previous COVID-19 vaccinations were associated with lower systolic BP (SBP) and diastolic BP (DBP). Individuals who consumed alcohol one to three times a month had lower diastolic BP after adjustment for age, sex, and anti-hypertensive treatment. Among women, the use of hormonal contraceptives was associated with lower SBP and DBP after adjustment for age, sex, and anti-hypertensive treatment. Hypertension awareness, treatment, and control rates remain low, though trends from previous MMM campaigns in Kenya suggest steady improvement. The associations between COVID-19 vaccination and contraceptive use with lower BP warrant further investigation. Programmes such as MMM provide much needed data to track the progress towards reducing the burden of hypertension.
高血压是全球过早死亡和残疾的主要原因。30至79岁成年人中高血压的年龄标准化患病率高达36%，位居前列。尽管有成本效益高的干预措施，但知晓率、治疗率和控制率仍然很低。为了解决这一问题并提高认识，国际高血压学会于2017年发起了“五月测量月”（MMM）活动。本文总结了2021年MMM活动的结果。在7个县的22个地点进行了筛查。我们的目标是按照标准化方案进行三次血压（BP）读数和相应的心率测量。如果无法做到这一点，则至少进行一次读数。记录的其他变量包括人口统计学数据、风险因素、合并症和COVID-19感染史。总共筛查了9738人，其中57%为女性。经过多次插补后，28.2%的人患有高血压，其中45.9%的人知晓自己的病情，42.0%的人正在接受治疗。在接受治疗的人中，50.3%的人血压得到控制，这意味着仅占高血压总人口的21.1%得到控制。以前接种COVID-19疫苗与较低的收缩压（SBP）和舒张压（DBP）相关。在调整年龄、性别和抗高血压治疗后，每月饮酒一至三次的人舒张压较低。在女性中，在调整年龄、性别和抗高血压治疗后，使用激素避孕药与较低的收缩压和舒张压相关。高血压的知晓率、治疗率和控制率仍然很低，不过肯尼亚此前MMM活动的趋势表明情况在稳步改善。COVID-19疫苗接种和避孕药具使用与较低血压之间的关联值得进一步研究。像MMM这样的项目提供了急需的数据，以跟踪在减轻高血压负担方面的进展。
