Kumari Pratibha, Bhatia Meenam, Giri Priti, Uniyal Prem Lal
Department of Botany, Daulat Ram College, University of Delhi, Delhi, India.
Department of Botany, Faculty of Sciences, University of Delhi, Delhi, India.
Front Microbiol. 2024 Jul 11;15:1406891. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1406891. eCollection 2024.
Mycorrhizal association is one of the earliest and diversely distributed symbiotic associations on the Earth. This association helped early terrestrial plants to colonize the land by improved supply of nutrients like phosphate, nitrogen and zinc. It also helped plants to tolerate unfavorable soil conditions with increased water retention capacity, resistance to drought and pathogens. In return, fungi benefitted with carbon as their food source from the plants. More than 80% of terrestrial plants including pteridophytes, gymnosperms and angiosperms are reported to form arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) association. Plants with root systems appeared on land during the Devonian period and many of them like pteridophytes still exist today. Various molecular and fossil studies confirm that the plants belonging to Ordovician-Devonian are associated with fungi, which are very similar to genus Glomus. AM association is very common in pteridophytes and the growth of its sporophyte and gametophyte is directly affected in the presence of AM association. Pteridophytes as early land plants with root systems have a very significant place in the plant kingdom. They have evolved and adapted to fill various habitats and facilitated early terrestrialization of other land plants by providing suitable niche with the help of AM fungi. In spite of pteridophytes being a very important plant group in the land system, very few reports are available on fungal-pteridophyte association. The present review is an effort to gather information about AM association in pteridophytes that might help in unraveling the evolution and significance of plant and fungi association.
菌根共生是地球上最早出现且分布广泛的共生关系之一。这种共生关系通过改善磷、氮和锌等养分的供应，帮助早期陆生植物在陆地上定殖。它还通过提高保水能力、抗旱性和抗病性，帮助植物耐受不利的土壤条件。作为回报，真菌从植物中获得碳作为食物来源。据报道，包括蕨类植物、裸子植物和被子植物在内的80%以上的陆生植物都形成了丛枝菌根（AM）共生关系。在泥盆纪时期，根系植物出现在陆地上，其中许多植物，如蕨类植物，至今仍然存在。各种分子和化石研究证实，奥陶纪-泥盆纪的植物与真菌有关联，这些真菌与球囊霉属非常相似。AM共生在蕨类植物中非常普遍，其孢子体和配子体的生长在AM共生存在的情况下会受到直接影响。蕨类植物作为具有根系的早期陆生植物，在植物界占有非常重要的地位。它们已经进化并适应了各种栖息地，并通过借助AM真菌提供合适的生态位，促进了其他陆地植物的早期陆地化。尽管蕨类植物是陆地系统中非常重要的植物类群，但关于真菌与蕨类植物共生关系的报道却很少。本综述旨在收集有关蕨类植物中AM共生关系的信息，这可能有助于揭示植物与真菌共生关系的进化和意义。
