Abid Aneeqa, Alzahrani Badr, Naz Shumaila, Basheer Amina, Bakhtiar Syeda Marriam, Al-Asmari Fahad, Jamal Syed Babar, Faheem Muhammad
Department of Bioinformatics and Biosciences, Capital University of Science and Technology, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan.
Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jouf University, Sakaka 72388, Saudi Arabia.
Biology (Basel). 2024 Jul 9;13(7):510. doi: 10.3390/biology13070510.
is a gram-positive, mutualistic bacterium found in the human body. It is found in the oral cavity, upper respiratory tract, and intestines, and presents a serious clinical problem because it can lead to opportunistic infections in individuals with weakened immune systems. Streptococci are the most prevalent inhabitants of oral microbial communities, and are typical oral commensals found in the human oral cavity. These streptococci, along with many other oral microbes, produce multispecies biofilms that can attach to salivary pellicle components and other oral bacteria via adhesin proteins expressed on the cell surface. Antibiotics are effective against this bacterium, but resistance against antibodies is increasing. Therefore, a more effective treatment is needed. Vaccines offer a promising method for preventing this issue. This study generated a multi-epitope vaccine against by targeting the completely sequenced proteomes of five strains. The vaccine targets are identified using a pangenome and subtractive proteomic approach. In the present study, 13 complete strains out of 91 strains of are selected. The pangenomics results revealed that out of 2835 pan genes, 1225 are core genes. Out of these 1225 core genes, 643 identified as non-homologous proteins by subtractive proteomics. A total of 20 essential proteins are predicted from non-homologous proteins. Among these 20 essential proteins, only five are identified as surface proteins. The vaccine construct is designed based on selected B- and T-cell epitopes of the antigenic proteins with the help of linkers and adjuvants. The designed vaccine is docked against TLR2. The expression of the protein is determined using in silico gene cloning. Findings concluded that Vaccine I with adjuvant shows higher interactions with TLR2, suggesting that the vaccine has the ability to induce a humoral and cell-mediated response to treat and prevent infection; this makes it promising as a vaccine against infectious diseases caused by Furthermore, validation of the vaccine construct is required by in vitro and in vivo trials to check its actual potency and safety for use to prevent infectious diseases caused by .
是一种在人体中发现的革兰氏阳性共生细菌。它存在于口腔、上呼吸道和肠道中，由于它会导致免疫系统较弱的个体发生机会性感染，因此是一个严重的临床问题。链球菌是口腔微生物群落中最普遍的居民，是在人类口腔中发现的典型口腔共生菌。这些链球菌与许多其他口腔微生物一起，通过细胞表面表达的粘附蛋白产生多物种生物膜，这些生物膜可以附着在唾液薄膜成分和其他口腔细菌上。抗生素对这种细菌有效，但对抗体的耐药性正在增加。因此，需要一种更有效的治疗方法。疫苗为预防这个问题提供了一种有前景的方法。本研究通过针对五种菌株的完全测序蛋白质组生成了一种针对[细菌名称未明确]的多表位疫苗。使用泛基因组和减法蛋白质组学方法确定疫苗靶点。在本研究中，从91株[细菌名称未明确]中选择了13株完整菌株。泛基因组学结果显示，在2835个泛基因中，有1225个是核心基因。在这1225个核心基因中，通过减法蛋白质组学鉴定出643个为非同源蛋白。从非同源蛋白中总共预测出20种必需蛋白。在这20种必需蛋白中，只有5种被鉴定为表面蛋白。疫苗构建体是在接头和佐剂的帮助下，基于抗原蛋白选定的B细胞和T细胞表位设计的。设计的疫苗与TLR2对接。使用计算机基因克隆确定蛋白质的表达。研究结果得出结论，带有佐剂的疫苗I与TLR2表现出更高的相互作用，表明该疫苗有能力诱导体液和细胞介导的反应来治疗和预防感染；这使其有望成为一种针对由[细菌名称未明确]引起的传染病的疫苗。此外，需要通过体外和体内试验对疫苗构建体进行验证，以检查其用于预防由[细菌名称未明确]引起的传染病的实际效力和安全性。
