Druye Andrews Adjei, Agyare Dorcas Frempomaa, Akoto-Buabeng William, Zutah Jethro, Offei Frank Odonkor, Nabe Bernard, Ofori Godson Obeng, Alhassan Amidu, Anumel Benjamin Kofi, Cobbinah Godfred, Abraham Susanna Aba, Amoadu Mustapha, Hagan John Elvis
Department of Adult Health, School of Nursing and Midwifery, College of Health and Allied Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast CC 3321, Ghana.
Department of Education and Psychology, Faculty of Educational Foundations, College of Education, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast CC 3321, Ghana.
Diseases. 2024 Jul 14;12(7):156. doi: 10.3390/diseases12070156.
Sickle Cell Disease (SCD) presents significant health challenges globally. Despite its prevalence in diverse geographical regions, there is a paucity of literature synthesizing evidence on healthcare professionals' knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) toward SCD assessment and management. This meta-aggregative review systematically examined and synthesized existing qualitative research to elucidate healthcare professionals' KAP regarding SCD assessment and management.
This meta-aggregative review followed Aromataris and Pearson's guidelines and the PRISMA framework for systematic review reporting. The search was conducted in Scopus, PubMed, Embase, CINAHL Web of Science, Google Scholar, Dimensions AI, and HINARI. Quality appraisal was performed using the Joanna Briggs Institute tool.
Healthcare professionals (HCPs) demonstrate varying levels of KAP toward SCD assessment and management. Studies reveal low-to-moderate levels of general knowledge among HCPs, with nurses often exhibiting poorer understanding than physicians. Deficiencies in awareness of specific interventions, such as chemoprophylaxis and prenatal diagnosis, are noted, along with gaps in SCD assessment and diagnosis, particularly in pain management and premarital screening. Attitudes toward SCD patients vary, and practices reveal inconsistencies and deficiencies, including inadequate nutritional counseling and barriers in emergency departments. However, interventions aimed at improving HCPs' KAP show promise in enhancing understanding and attitudes toward SCD, suggesting potential avenues for improvement.
Educational initiatives targeted at both student nurses and practicing healthcare providers, coupled with the implementation of standardized protocols and guidelines, can enhance knowledge acquisition and promote consistent, high-quality care delivery. Future studies should improve the quality of their methods in this area of study.
镰状细胞病（SCD）在全球范围内带来了重大的健康挑战。尽管其在不同地理区域都有流行，但关于医疗保健专业人员对SCD评估和管理的知识、态度和实践（KAP）的综合证据的文献却很少。这项元聚合综述系统地审查和综合了现有的定性研究，以阐明医疗保健专业人员对SCD评估和管理的KAP。
这项元聚合综述遵循了Aromataris和Pearson的指南以及系统综述报告的PRISMA框架。检索在Scopus、PubMed、Embase、CINAHL、科学网、谷歌学术、Dimensions AI和HINARI中进行。使用乔安娜·布里格斯研究所工具进行质量评估。
医疗保健专业人员（HCPs）对SCD评估和管理表现出不同程度的KAP。研究表明，HCPs的一般知识水平从中等到较低，护士的理解往往比医生差。注意到对特定干预措施（如化学预防和产前诊断）的认识不足，以及SCD评估和诊断方面的差距，特别是在疼痛管理和婚前筛查方面。对SCD患者的态度各不相同，实践中存在不一致和不足，包括营养咨询不足和急诊科的障碍。然而，旨在改善HCPs的KAP的干预措施在增强对SCD的理解和态度方面显示出希望，这表明了潜在的改进途径。
针对实习护士和执业医疗保健提供者的教育举措，再加上实施标准化的方案和指南，可以提高知识获取并促进一致、高质量的护理提供。未来的研究应提高该研究领域方法的质量。
