Kato Aline Y, Freitas Tainá A L, Gomes Cássia R A, Alves Thais R R, Ferraz Yara M M, Trivellato Matheus F, De Jong David, Biller Jaqueline D, Nicodemo Daniel
Post Graduate Program in Animal Science, School of Agricultural and Veterinarian Sciences, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Jaboticabal 14884-900, SP, Brazil.
Genetics Department, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14049-900, SP, Brazil.
Insects. 2024 Jul 11;15(7):523. doi: 10.3390/insects15070523.
The aim of this study was to evaluate whether alterations in food availability compromise the metabolic homeostasis of honey bees exposed to three fungicides alone or together. Ten honey bee colonies were used, with half receiving carbohydrate-protein supplementation for 15 weeks while another five colonies had their protein supply reduced with pollen traps. Subsequently, forager bees were collected and exposed by contact to 1 or 7 µg of bixafen, prothioconazole, or trifloxystrobin, either individually or in combination. After 48 h, bee abdomens without the intestine were used for the analysis of expression of antioxidant genes (SOD-1, CAT, and GPX-1), detoxification genes (GST-1 and CYP306A1), the storage protein gene vitellogenin, and immune system antimicrobial peptide genes (defensin-1, abaecin, hymenoptaecin, and apidaecin), through real-time PCR. All fungicide treatments induced changes in gene expression, with bixafen showing the most prominent upregulation. Exposure to 1 µg of each of the three pesticides resulted in upregulation of genes associated with detoxification and nutrition processes, and downregulation of immune system genes. When the three pesticides were combined at a dose of 7 µg each, there was a pronounced downregulation of all genes. Food availability in the colonies affected the impact of fungicides on the expression of the studied genes in forager bees.
本研究的目的是评估食物供应的改变是否会损害单独或同时接触三种杀菌剂的蜜蜂的代谢稳态。使用了10个蜂群，其中一半蜂群接受碳水化合物 - 蛋白质补充剂15周，而另外5个蜂群通过花粉截留器减少其蛋白质供应。随后，收集觅食蜂并通过接触使其暴露于1或7微克的联苯吡菌胺、丙硫菌唑或肟菌酯，单独或组合使用。48小时后，使用不含肠道的蜜蜂腹部通过实时PCR分析抗氧化基因（SOD-1、CAT和GPX-1）、解毒基因（GST-1和CYP306A1）、储存蛋白基因卵黄蛋白原以及免疫系统抗菌肽基因（防御素-1、阿贝菌素、膜翅目抗菌肽和蜜蜂抗菌肽）的表达。所有杀菌剂处理均诱导了基因表达的变化，其中联苯吡菌胺表现出最显著的上调。接触1微克每种三种农药导致与解毒和营养过程相关的基因上调，以及免疫系统基因下调。当三种农药以每种7微克的剂量组合时，所有基因均出现明显下调。蜂群中的食物供应影响了杀菌剂对觅食蜂中所研究基因表达的影响。
