Pliatsikas Nikolaos, Panos Stavros, Odutola Tamara, Kassavetis Spyridon, Papoulia Chrysanthi, Fekas Ilias, Arvanitidis John, Christofilos Dimitris, Pavlidou Eleni, Gioti Maria, Patsalas Panos
Department of Physics, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124 Thessaloniki, Greece.
School of Chemical Engineering and Physics Laboratory, Faculty of Engineering, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, GR-54124 Thessaloniki, Greece.
Nanomaterials (Basel). 2024 Jul 17;14(14):1214. doi: 10.3390/nano14141214.
Titanium nitride (TiN) is a candidate material for several plasmonic applications, and pulsed laser ablation in liquids (PLAL) represents a rapid, scalable, and environmentally friendly approach for the large-scale production of nanomaterials with customized properties. In this work, the nanosecond PLAL process is developed, and we provide a concise understanding of the process parameters, such as the solvent and the laser fluence and pulse wavelength, to the size and structure of the produced TiN nanoparticles (NPs). TiN films of a 0.6 μm thickness developed by direct-current (DC) magnetron sputtering were used as the ablation targets. All laser process parameters lead to the fabrication of spherical NPs, while the laser pulse fluence was used to control the NPs' size. High laser pulse fluence values result in larger TiN NPs (diameter around 42 nm for 5 mJ and 25 nm for 1 mJ), as measured from scanning electron microscopy (SEM). On the other hand, the wavelength of the laser pulse does not affect the mean size of the TiN NPs (24, 26, and 25 nm for 355, 532, and 1064 nm wavelengths, respectively). However, the wavelength plays a vital role in the quality of the produced TiN NPs. Shorter wavelengths result in NPs with fewer defects, as indicated by Raman spectra and XPS analysis. The solvent type also significantly affects the size of the NPs. In aqueous solutions, strong oxidation of the NPs is evident, while organic solvents such as acetone, carbides, and oxides cover the TiN NPs.
氮化钛（TiN）是几种等离子体应用的候选材料，而液体中的脉冲激光烧蚀（PLAL）是一种用于大规模生产具有定制特性的纳米材料的快速、可扩展且环保的方法。在这项工作中，开发了纳秒级PLAL工艺，并且我们简要了解了诸如溶剂、激光能量密度和脉冲波长等工艺参数对所制备的TiN纳米颗粒（NPs）尺寸和结构的影响。通过直流（DC）磁控溅射制备的厚度为0.6μm的TiN薄膜用作烧蚀靶材。所有激光工艺参数都能制备出球形NPs，而激光脉冲能量密度用于控制NPs的尺寸。从扫描电子显微镜（SEM）测量结果来看，高激光脉冲能量密度值会导致更大尺寸的TiN NPs（5mJ时直径约为42nm，1mJ时直径约为25nm）。另一方面，激光脉冲的波长不会影响TiN NPs的平均尺寸（355、532和1064nm波长下分别为24、26和25nm）。然而，波长对所制备的TiN NPs的质量起着至关重要的作用。拉曼光谱和XPS分析表明，较短波长会导致NPs的缺陷更少。溶剂类型也会显著影响NPs的尺寸。在水溶液中，NPs的强烈氧化很明显，而诸如丙酮、碳化物和氧化物等有机溶剂会覆盖TiN NPs。
