Department of Food Science, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA.
Department of Plant Pathology and Environmental Microbiology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA.
Toxins (Basel). 2024 Jul 12;16(7):314. doi: 10.3390/toxins16070314.
Chemical pesticides help reduce crop loss during production and storage. However, the carbon footprints and ecological costs associated with this strategy are unsustainable. Here, we used three in vitro models to characterize how different species interact with two aflatoxin producers, and , to help develop a climate-resilient biological control strategy against aflatoxigenic species. The growth rate of species is a critical factor in suppressing aflatoxigenic strains via physical interactions. The dual plate assay suggests that mainly suppresses via antibiosis, whereas the suppression of occurs through mycoparasitism. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) produced by inhibited the growth of (34.6 ± 3.3%) and (20.9 ± 1.6%). The VOCs released by BTU and OSK-34 were most effective in suppressing growth. Metabolites secreted by OSK-38, BTU, OSK-13, and OSK-36 reduced the growth of both aflatoxigenic species. Overall, BTU was the most effective at suppressing the growth and aflatoxin B1 production of both species across all models. This work will guide efforts to screen for effective biological control agents to mitigate aflatoxin accumulation.
化学农药有助于减少生产和储存过程中的作物损失。然而，与这种策略相关的碳足迹和生态成本是不可持续的。在这里，我们使用三种体外模型来描述不同物种与两种黄曲霉毒素生产者 和 的相互作用方式，以帮助开发针对产黄曲霉毒素物种的抗气候生物控制策略。物种的生长速率是通过物理相互作用抑制产黄曲霉毒素菌株的关键因素。双平板测定表明， 主要通过抗生作用抑制 ，而 的抑制作用则通过真菌寄生作用发生。 产生的挥发性有机化合物（VOCs）抑制了 的生长（34.6±3.3%）和 的生长（20.9±1.6%）。 BTU 和 OSK-34 释放的 VOCs 对抑制 生长最有效。 OSK-38、 BTU、 OSK-13 和 OSK-36 分泌的代谢物减少了两种产黄曲霉毒素物种的生长。总的来说， BTU 在所有模型中对抑制两种物种的生长和黄曲霉毒素 B1 产生的效果最为显著。这项工作将指导筛选有效生物防治剂以减轻黄曲霉毒素积累的努力。
