Yazid Siti Nur Ezzati, Selamat Jinap, Ismail Siti Izera, Sanny Maimunah, Samsudin Nik Iskandar Putra
Laboratory of Food Safety and Food Integrity, Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Food Security, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
Department of Food Science, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
J Appl Microbiol. 2025 Mar 3;136(3). doi: 10.1093/jambio/lxaf049.
The present work investigated the efficacy of native biocontrol candidates (antagonists) against aflatoxins, ochratoxin A (OTA), and fumonisins produced by native mycotoxigenic fungi isolated from Malaysia at different pathogen: antagonist inoculum ratios on grain corn agar and grain corn kernels.
Five pathogen: antagonist inoculum ratios (100:0, 75:25, 50:50, 25:75, and 0:100) were employed. Non-aflatoxigenic Aspergillus flavus Af1KD and Af5TD, and Penicillium janthinellum were used against aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) and aflatoxin B2 (AFB2) by A. flavus. Against OTA by A. niger, and fumonisin B1 (FB1) and fumonisin B2 (FB2) by Fusarium verticillioides and F. proliferatum, respectively, the antagonists Trichoderma asperelloides, T. asperellum, and T. harzianum were used. Non-aflatoxigenic A. flavus Af1KD was the most effective against AFB1 and AFB2 at all tested ratios and substrates. All Trichoderma spp. were effective against OTA by A. niger on grain corn agar at all tested ratios. Trichoderma asperelloides and T. asperellum were effective against FB1 and FB2 produced by F. verticillioides at all tested ratios and substrates. Trichoderma asperelloides was effective against FB1 and FB2 by F. proliferatum at all tested ratios and substrates.
The native biocontrol candidates were effective against mycotoxigenic fungi and mycotoxin production on grain corn agar and grain corn kernels, and could be developed into biocontrol agents.
本研究调查了本地生物防治候选菌株（拮抗菌）对从马来西亚分离的产毒真菌所产生的黄曲霉毒素、赭曲霉毒素A（OTA）和伏马菌素的抑制效果，研究了在谷物玉米琼脂和谷物玉米籽粒上不同病原菌与拮抗菌接种比例下的抑制情况。
采用了5种病原菌与拮抗菌接种比例（100:0、75:25、50:50、25:75和0:100）。使用非产黄曲霉毒素的黄曲霉Af1KD和Af5TD以及展青霉来抑制黄曲霉产生的黄曲霉毒素B1（AFB1）和黄曲霉毒素B2（AFB2）。使用棘孢木霉、绿色木霉和哈茨木霉分别抑制黑曲霉产生的OTA，以及轮枝镰孢菌和层出镰孢菌产生的伏马菌素B1（FB1）和伏马菌素B2（FB2）。在所有测试比例和底物上，非产黄曲霉毒素的黄曲霉Af1KD对AFB1和AFB2的抑制效果最佳。在所有测试比例下，所有木霉菌株对谷物玉米琼脂上黑曲霉产生的OTA均有抑制作用。在所有测试比例和底物上，棘孢木霉和绿色木霉对轮枝镰孢菌产生的FB1和FB2均有抑制作用。在所有测试比例和底物上，棘孢木霉对层出镰孢菌产生的FB1和FB2均有抑制作用。
本地生物防治候选菌株对谷物玉米琼脂和谷物玉米籽粒上的产毒真菌及霉菌毒素产生具有抑制作用，可开发成为生物防治剂。
