Kálmán Kerpely Doctoral School of Crop Production and Horticultural Science, University of Debrecen, Böszörményi Street 138, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary.
Department of Crop Science and Beekeeping Technology, College of Agriculture and Food Technology, University of Dar es Salaam, P.O. Box 35134, Dar es Salaam 14115, Tanzania.
Toxins (Basel). 2024 Jul 13;16(7):318. doi: 10.3390/toxins16070318.
Maize plays a significant global role as a food source, feed, and as a raw material in industry. However, it is affected by toxin-producing fungi, mainly , , and , which compromise its quality. This study, conducted in 2022 and 2023 at the Látókép long-term research site of the University of Debrecen, Hungary, investigated the effects of different nitrogen fertilization rates (0, 90 and 150 Kgha N) on mycotoxin contamination (DON vs. FB vs. AFB1) in the kernels of three (3) maize hybrids: DKC4590 (tolerant), GKT376 (sensitive), and P9610 (undefined). The results showed a significant ( = 0.05) influence of nitrogen fertilization and maize genotype on mycotoxin levels. Sole nitrogen impacts were complex and did not define a clear trend, contrary to the hybrids selected, which followed superiority to resistance. Increased nitrogen fertilization was associated with higher DON production, while hybrid selection demonstrated a clearer trend in resistance to mycotoxins. Therefore, to maximize yield and minimize mycotoxin contamination, future research should focus on optimizing nitrogen application rates and breeding for resistance to balance yield and mycotoxin management. These results suggest that while nitrogen fertilization is crucial for maximizing yield, selecting less susceptible maize hybrids remains vital for minimizing mycotoxin contamination.
玉米作为食物来源、饲料以及工业原料在全球发挥着重要作用。然而，它易受产毒真菌的影响，主要有、和，这些真菌会降低玉米的质量。本研究于 2022 年至 2023 年在匈牙利德布勒森大学拉托科皮长期研究点进行，研究了不同施氮量（0、90 和 150 Kgha N）对 3 种玉米杂交种（DKC4590、GKT376 和 P9610）的玉米穗中真菌毒素污染（DON 对 FB 对 AFB1）的影响。结果表明，氮素施肥和玉米基因型对真菌毒素水平有显著影响（=0.05）。单独的氮素影响较为复杂，没有明确的趋势，与所选的杂交种不同，它们遵循优势对抗性。增加氮素施肥会导致 DON 产量增加，而杂交种的选择则显示出对真菌毒素抗性的更清晰趋势。因此，为了最大程度地提高产量并减少真菌毒素污染，未来的研究应侧重于优化氮素施用量和选育抗真菌毒素的品种，以平衡产量和真菌毒素管理。这些结果表明，虽然氮素施肥对于提高产量至关重要，但选择不易受污染的玉米杂交种对于减少真菌毒素污染仍然至关重要。
