Embrapa Milho e Sorgo, Laboratório de Fertilidade de Solos, Sete Lagoas, MG, Brasil.
Embrapa Milho e Sorgo, Laboratório de Bioquímica Molecular, Sete Lagoas, MG, Brasil.
Braz J Biol. 2023 Nov 10;83:e274081. doi: 10.1590/1519-6984.274081. eCollection 2023.
The maize yield, nutritional status, and grain fumonisins concentration were evaluated in different genotypes, doses, and nitrogen sources (N) in two years and three locations. Two experiments were carried out in each area and year in an experimental design of a subdivided plot with four replications. One experiment involved a 4x2 factorial treatment: four nitrogen (N) doses (0, 80, 160, and 240 kg ha-1) in coverage and having urea as a source of N and two genotypes. Another experiment involved a 4x2 factorial treatment: four N sources: urea, urea covered with polymer, ammonium nitrate, and ammonium nitrate + urea (UAN), at a dose of 160 kg ha-1, in two genotypes. The genotype generally influenced maize yield more than N doses and sources, mainly due to the bushy stunt/corn stunt tolerance of AG7098 PRO2 and AG8677 PRO2. The N doses linearly increased the N leaf content. However, the N sources did not affect the N leaf content. The N doses and sources had no significant effect on the content of fumonisins, which was affected only by the genotypes in Sete Lagoas in 2016 (N doses experiment) and 2017 (N sources experiment). The hybrids, P3630H and AG8677PRO2 (Sete Lagoas, 2016, N doses experiment and 2017, N sources experiment, respectively) exceeded the Brazilian legislation for Maximum Tolerance Limit for fumonisins in corn grains, which is 5,000 µg kg-1. The best result was obtained with AG7098 PRO2, with yields (above 10,000 kg ha-1) and fumonisins consistently below 5,000 µg kg-1. Therefore, the selection of corn hybrids is a strategy to reduce the occurrence of fumonisins in the grains.
在两年和三个地点的不同基因型、剂量和氮源（N）下评估了玉米产量、营养状况和谷物伏马菌素浓度。在每个地区和年份进行了两次实验，采用 4x2 析因处理的细分小区设计，有四个重复。一个实验涉及 4x2 析因处理：四个氮（N）剂量（0、80、160 和 240 kg ha-1）在覆盖物中，以尿素作为 N 的来源和两个基因型。另一个实验涉及 4x2 析因处理：四个 N 来源：尿素、用聚合物覆盖的尿素、硝酸铵和硝酸铵+尿素（UAN），在两个基因型下剂量为 160 kg ha-1。基因型通常比 N 剂量和来源更能影响玉米产量，主要是由于 AG7098 PRO2 和 AG8677 PRO2 的丛生矮化/玉米矮化耐受性。N 剂量线性增加了叶片的 N 含量。然而，N 来源并不影响叶片的 N 含量。N 剂量和来源对伏马菌素含量没有显著影响，仅受 2016 年塞特洛加斯（N 剂量实验）和 2017 年（N 来源实验）基因型的影响。杂种 P3630H 和 AG8677PRO2（塞特洛加斯，2016 年 N 剂量实验和 2017 年 N 来源实验）分别超过了巴西对玉米中伏马菌素最大允许限量的规定，即 5,000 µg kg-1。AG7098 PRO2 获得了最好的结果，产量（超过 10,000 kg ha-1）和伏马菌素含量始终低于 5,000 µg kg-1。因此，玉米杂种的选择是降低谷物中伏马菌素发生的策略。
