Gil-Miranda Ana, Macnicol Jennifer, Orellana-Guerrero Daniela, Samper Juan C, Gomez Diego E
Department of Clinical Studies, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada.
Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, Canada.
Vet Sci. 2024 Jul 18;11(7):324. doi: 10.3390/vetsci11070324.
The female reproductive tract microbiota is a complex community of microorganisms that might be crucial in maintaining a healthy reproductive environment. Imbalances in the bacterial community (dysbiosis) and the reduction of beneficial organisms and pathogen proliferation are associated with disease. Endometritis is a common cause of fertility problems in mares, and it is still challenging to diagnose and treat based on routine culture results of certain microorganisms. Although high-throughput sequencing studies provide helpful information regarding the composition of the reproductive tract microbiota in mares, there are still challenges in defining a "normal" microbiota. The primary objective of this literature review is to summarize the current knowledge regarding the microbiota present in the reproductive tract of mares, including the vagina, cervix, and uterus. The second objective is to describe the relevant factors that can impact the reproductive microbiota of mares, including the estrous cycle stage, the type of species (genera) investigated, season, and geographic location. The rationality of identifying the normal microbiota in the reproductive tract of a mare will likely aid in understanding the impact of the microbiota on the host's reproductive health and contribute to the treatment and prevention of equine sub and infertility issues.
雌性生殖道微生物群是一个复杂的微生物群落，可能对维持健康的生殖环境至关重要。细菌群落失衡（生态失调）以及有益微生物的减少和病原体增殖与疾病有关。子宫内膜炎是母马生育问题的常见原因，基于某些微生物的常规培养结果进行诊断和治疗仍然具有挑战性。尽管高通量测序研究为母马生殖道微生物群的组成提供了有用信息，但在定义“正常”微生物群方面仍存在挑战。这篇文献综述的主要目的是总结关于母马生殖道（包括阴道、子宫颈和子宫）中存在的微生物群的现有知识。第二个目的是描述可能影响母马生殖微生物群的相关因素，包括发情周期阶段、所研究的物种（属）类型、季节和地理位置。确定母马生殖道中正常微生物群的合理性可能有助于理解微生物群对宿主生殖健康的影响，并有助于治疗和预防马属动物的亚生育和不育问题。
