Arce-Álvarez Alexis, Zaio Ángelo, Salazar-Ardiles Camila, Álvarez Cristian, Merino-Muñoz Pablo, Vasquez-Muñoz Manuel, Izquierdo Mikel, Castro Mauricio, Andrade David C
Escuela de Kinesiología, Facultad de Odontología y Ciencias de la Rehabilitación, Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago 7510157, Chile.
Laboratorio de Fisiología del Ejercicio y Metabolismo, Escuela de Kinesiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Finis Terrae, Santiago 7501015, Chile.
Sports (Basel). 2024 Jul 1;12(7):183. doi: 10.3390/sports12070183.
This study investigated the impact of four weeks of age-dependent detraining on army soldiers' cardiorespiratory fitness and maximal and explosive strength.
Fourteen volunteer tactical athletes participated, divided into two age groups (20 to 29 and 30 to 40 years). Before and after the detraining period, we assessed their anthropometric measurements (weight, height, body mass index, fat mass, and fat-free mass), cardiorespiratory fitness (maximal oxygen uptake [VOmax] and ventilatory thresholds [VT1 and VT2]), and kinematic properties during a single-leg counter-moving jump (CMJ) test for both the dominant and non-dominant legs. Two-way ANOVA followed by the Holm-Sidak post hoc test was used.
The anthropometric and cardiovascular variables did not show significant differences between the groups. However, both groups exhibited a significantly reduced maximum time and speed at the VOmax. Furthermore, the flight time and maximum height during the CMJ significantly decreased in the non-dominant leg for both age groups. Notably, the dominant leg's concentric impulse (CI) significantly reduced during the CMJ, but this effect was observed only in the 30-40 age group. There were significant differences between the two age groups.
Our findings suggest that four weeks of detraining negatively impacts aerobic fitness and muscular strength, independently of age. However, the dominant leg may be more susceptible to detraining effects in army soldiers aged 30-40. Furthermore, as a perspective, our results strongly suggest that a detraining period could affect successful missions (aerobic performance deterioration), as well as promote a muscle imbalance between the legs, which could encourage muscle injuries and endanger combat missions.
本研究调查了四周的年龄依赖性停训对陆军士兵心肺适能以及最大力量和爆发力的影响。
14名志愿战术运动员参与研究，分为两个年龄组（20至29岁和30至40岁）。在停训期前后，我们评估了他们的人体测量指标（体重、身高、体重指数、脂肪量和去脂体重）、心肺适能（最大摄氧量[VO₂max]和通气阈值[VT1和VT2]），以及在单腿反向纵跳（CMJ）测试中优势腿和非优势腿的运动学特性。采用双向方差分析并随后进行Holm-Sidak事后检验。
两组之间的人体测量和心血管变量没有显著差异。然而，两组在VO₂max时的最长时间和速度均显著降低。此外，两个年龄组非优势腿在CMJ期间的飞行时间和最大高度均显著下降。值得注意的是，优势腿在CMJ期间的向心冲量（CI）显著降低，但这种影响仅在30至40岁年龄组中观察到。两个年龄组之间存在显著差异。
我们的研究结果表明，四周的停训会对有氧适能和肌肉力量产生负面影响，且与年龄无关。然而，30至40岁的陆军士兵优势腿可能更容易受到停训影响。此外，从某种角度来看，我们的结果强烈表明，停训期可能会影响任务的顺利执行（有氧性能下降），还会加剧双腿之间的肌肉失衡，进而引发肌肉损伤并危及作战任务。
