A Systematic Review on Antimicrobial Resistance in Ghana from a One Health Perspective.

BACKGROUND

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) poses a global health threat, with lower-middle-income countries bearing a disproportionate burden. Surveillance of AMR under a One Health framework is needed to elucidate the associations among clinical, animal, and environmental AMR. This review aimed to describe the state of AMR in Ghana, focusing on One Health.

METHOD

This review utilized the PRISMA guidelines and major databases to systematically search and analyze AMR in Ghana published from 1 January 2014 to 1 May 2023.

RESULTS

Out of the 48 articles that met the inclusion criteria, 28 studies were conducted on humans, 14 studies involved animals, and 6 studies focused on the environment. A total of 48 different pathogens were identified across the human, animal, and environmental sectors, with the most common being (67%, = 32), spp. (52%, = 25), spp. (40%, = 19), and spp. (38%, = 18). Generally, a high prevalence of antibiotic resistance was observed among various bacterial species across the sectors. These bacteria exhibited resistance to commonly used antibiotics, with resistance to ampicillin and tetracycline exceeding 80%, and multidrug resistance (MDR) ranging from 17.6% in spp. to 100% in spp.

CONCLUSION

This review reaffirms the significant challenge of AMR in Ghana, with a high prevalence observed in the human, animal, and environmental sectors. Key pathogens (e.g., and ) found across the sectors emphasize the urgent need for a One Health approach to tackle AMR in Ghana.