Hoy Beverly-Ann, Bi Michelle, Lam Matthew, Krishnasamy Gayuni, Abdalmalak Androu, Fenesi Barbara
Faculty of Education, Western University, London, ON N6G 1G7, Canada.
Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Western University, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada.
Brain Sci. 2024 Jul 17;14(7):719. doi: 10.3390/brainsci14070719.
Hyperactivity may play a functional role in upregulating prefrontal cortical hypoarousal and executive functioning in ADHD. This study investigated the neurocognitive impact of movement during executive functioning on children with ADHD.
Twenty-four children with and without ADHD completed a Stroop task and self-efficacy ratings while remaining stationary (Stationary condition) and while desk cycling (Movement condition). Simultaneous functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) recorded oxygenated and deoxygenated changes in hemoglobin within the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC).
Among children with ADHD, the Movement condition produced superior Stroop reaction time compared to the Stationary condition ( = 0.046, = 1.00). Self-efficacy improved in the Movement condition ( = 0.033, = 0.41), whereas it did not in the Stationary condition ( = 0.323). Seventy-eight percent of participants showed greater oxygenation in the left DLPFC during the Movement condition vs. the Stationary condition. Among children without ADHD, there were no differences in Stroop or self-efficacy outcomes between Stationary and Movement conditions (s > 0.085, s < 1.45); 60% of participants showed greater oxygenation in the left DLPFC during the Movement vs. the Stationary condition.
This work provides supportive evidence that hyperactivity in ADHD may be a compensatory mechanism to upregulate PFC hypoarousal to support executive functioning and self-efficacy.
多动可能在调节注意力缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）患者的前额叶皮质低唤醒和执行功能方面发挥功能性作用。本研究调查了执行功能过程中的运动对ADHD儿童的神经认知影响。
24名患有和未患有ADHD的儿童在保持静止（静止状态）和进行桌面骑行（运动状态）时完成了一项斯特鲁普任务和自我效能评分。同时，功能近红外光谱（fNIRS）记录了左背外侧前额叶皮质（DLPFC）内血红蛋白的氧合和脱氧变化。
在患有ADHD的儿童中，与静止状态相比，运动状态下的斯特鲁普反应时间更短（P = 0.046，Cohen's d = 1.00）。运动状态下自我效能有所提高（P = 0.033，Cohen's d = 0.41），而在静止状态下则没有（P = 0.323）。78%的参与者在运动状态下比静止状态下左DLPFC的氧合程度更高。在未患有ADHD的儿童中，静止状态和运动状态下的斯特鲁普或自我效能结果没有差异（P > 0.085，Cohen's d < 1.45）；60%的参与者在运动状态下比静止状态下左DLPFC的氧合程度更高。
这项研究提供了支持性证据，表明ADHD中的多动可能是一种补偿机制，用于上调前额叶皮质的低唤醒，以支持执行功能和自我效能。
