González-Martínez Ángela, Muñiz de Miguel Susana, Diéguez Francisco Javier
Veterinary Teaching Hospital Rof Codina, Santiago de Compostela University, 27002 Lugo, Spain.
Anatomy, Animal Production and Clinical Veterinary Sciences Departament, Santiago de Compostela University, 27002 Lugo, Spain.
Animals (Basel). 2024 Jul 14;14(14):2067. doi: 10.3390/ani14142067.
Similar to humans, dogs could suffer an Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder-like syndrome (ADHD-like). In fact, several studies highlight the use of dogs as a model for studying ADHD. This condition entails behavioral problems expressed through impulsivity, attention issues, hyperactivity, and/or aggression, compromising the quality of life for both the caregiver and the dog. The pathophysiology of ADHD-like is complex and is associated with dysregulation of various neurotransmitters such as serotonin and dopamine. The expression of ADHD-like behavior in dogs would appear to depend on a classical gene-environment interaction as is the case with many neurological disorders in humans. In addition to the described symptomatology, ADHD-like dogs can exhibit strong comorbidities with compulsive behaviors, aggressiveness, inappropriate elimination and fearfulness, in addition to epilepsy, foreign body ingestion, and pruritus. In spite of the fact that there is no veterinary consensus about the diagnosis of ADHD-like, some validated questionnaires could be helpful, but these cannot be used as a unique diagnostic tool. The use of drugs, such as fluoxetine, in addition to an adequate environmental enrichment, relaxation protocols, and behavior modification can achieve an adequate quality of life for both the dog and caregivers.
与人类相似，狗也可能患上类似注意力缺陷多动障碍的综合征（ADHD样综合征）。事实上，多项研究强调了将狗作为研究ADHD的模型。这种情况会导致通过冲动、注意力问题、多动和/或攻击行为表现出来的行为问题，影响照顾者和狗的生活质量。ADHD样综合征的病理生理学很复杂，与血清素和多巴胺等多种神经递质的失调有关。狗身上ADHD样行为的表现似乎取决于经典的基因-环境相互作用，人类的许多神经疾病也是如此。除了上述症状外，ADHD样的狗除了癫痫、吞食异物和瘙痒外，还可能表现出与强迫行为、攻击性、不适当排泄和恐惧相关的强烈共病。尽管对于ADHD样综合征的诊断没有兽医界的共识，但一些经过验证的问卷可能会有所帮助，但这些问卷不能用作唯一的诊断工具。使用药物，如氟西汀，再加上适当的环境丰富化、放松方案和行为矫正，可以为狗和照顾者实现足够的生活质量。
