Department of Veterinary Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
Department of Medical and Clinical Genetics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
Transl Psychiatry. 2021 Oct 1;11(1):501. doi: 10.1038/s41398-021-01626-x.
Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a prevalent neurodevelopmental disorder impairing the quality of life of the affected individuals. The domestic dog can spontaneously manifest high hyperactivity/impulsivity and inattention which are components of human ADHD. Therefore, a better understanding of demographic, environmental and behavioural factors influencing canine hyperactivity/impulsivity and inattention could benefit both humans and dogs. We collected comprehensive behavioural survey data from over 11,000 Finnish pet dogs and quantified their level of hyperactivity/impulsivity and inattention. We performed generalised linear model analyses to identify factors associated with these behavioural traits. Our results indicated that high levels of hyperactivity/impulsivity and inattention were more common in dogs that are young, male and spend more time alone at home. Additionally, we showed several breed differences suggesting a substantial genetic basis for these traits. Furthermore, hyperactivity/impulsivity and inattention had strong comorbidities with compulsive behaviour, aggressiveness and fearfulness. Multiple of these associations have also been identified in humans, strengthening the role of the dog as an animal model for ADHD.
注意缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）是一种常见的神经发育障碍，会降低患者的生活质量。家犬会自发地表现出高度的多动/冲动和注意力不集中，这些都是人类 ADHD 的组成部分。因此，更好地了解影响犬类多动/冲动和注意力不集中的人口统计学、环境和行为因素，既有益于人类，也有益于犬类。我们从 11000 多只芬兰宠物犬身上收集了全面的行为调查数据，并量化了它们的多动/冲动和注意力不集中程度。我们进行了广义线性模型分析，以确定与这些行为特征相关的因素。结果表明，年轻、雄性和独自在家时间较长的犬更容易出现多动/冲动和注意力不集中。此外，我们还发现了一些品种差异，这表明这些特征有很大的遗传基础。此外，多动/冲动和注意力不集中与强迫症行为、攻击性和恐惧有很强的共病关系。在人类中也发现了多种类似的关联，这进一步证明了犬类是 ADHD 的动物模型。
