Williams Briana J, Carlson John S
College of Education, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48823, USA.
Children (Basel). 2024 Jun 30;11(7):803. doi: 10.3390/children11070803.
A growing body of literature examines the utility of emotion-focused parenting programs, as behaviorally based programs currently dominate the parenting literature. Few of those studies examine differences in how Black parents may benefit. This mixed-methods pilot study examined preliminary fidelity, efficacy, and acceptability of Tuning in to Kids (TIK), an emotion-focused parenting program targeting parenting practices and children's emotion regulation through a strengths-based approach.
Pre, post, and one-month follow-up measurements were collected from 21 parents in the United States who were randomly assigned to a treatment (i.e., TIK) or waitlist control group. They were assessed across several self-report parent measures (parental emotion regulation, emotion socialization parenting practices and beliefs) and parent-report of children's social-emotional competence. Parents in the TIK group completed interviews to further understand their experience participating in the intervention.
Descriptive analyses showed general improvements and positive change in parenting practices, beliefs, parental emotion regulation, and children's self-regulation. Large effect sizes indicate reductions of parents emotion dismissing and distressed reactions to children's negative emotions. TIK was overall rated as a highly acceptable intervention. Parent interviews offer essential information to provide context to Black parents' experiences utilizing TIK as well as themes related to challenges in raising Black children with self-regulation difficulties.
Overall, these preliminary mixed-methods outcomes suggest that TIK is a promising parenting program to improve Black parents' emotion regulation, emotion coaching beliefs and positive parenting practices. Further research is needed to investigate the effectiveness of TIK and other emotion-focused parenting programs with Black parents and assess the necessity of future cultural adaptations.
越来越多的文献探讨了以情感为中心的育儿项目的效用，因为目前基于行为的项目在育儿文献中占据主导地位。这些研究中很少有考察黑人父母可能从中受益的差异。这项混合方法的试点研究考察了“关注孩子”（TIK）项目的初步保真度、有效性和可接受性，该项目是一个以情感为中心的育儿项目，通过基于优势的方法针对育儿实践和儿童的情绪调节。
从美国的21名父母那里收集了干预前、干预后和1个月随访的测量数据，这些父母被随机分配到治疗组（即TIK项目）或等待名单对照组。对他们进行了多项自我报告的父母测量（父母情绪调节、情绪社会化育儿实践和信念）以及父母对孩子社会情感能力的报告评估。TIK组的父母完成了访谈，以进一步了解他们参与干预的经历。
描述性分析显示，育儿实践、信念、父母情绪调节和孩子的自我调节总体上有所改善和积极变化。较大的效应量表明父母对孩子负面情绪的忽视和苦恼反应有所减少。TIK总体上被评为高度可接受的干预措施。父母访谈提供了重要信息，为黑人父母使用TIK的经历以及与养育有自我调节困难的黑人儿童所面临挑战相关的主题提供了背景。
总体而言，这些初步的混合方法结果表明，TIK是一个有前景的育儿项目，可改善黑人父母的情绪调节、情绪指导信念和积极的育儿实践。需要进一步研究来调查TIK和其他以情感为中心的育儿项目对黑人父母的有效性，并评估未来进行文化适应性调整的必要性。
