Department of Biology, Penn State University, Lehigh Valley, Center Valley, PA 18034, USA.
Department of Plant Pathology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546, USA.
Genes (Basel). 2024 Jul 8;15(7):892. doi: 10.3390/genes15070892.
Since the dawn of agriculture, crops have been genetically altered for desirable characteristics. This has included the selection of natural and induced mutants. Increasing the production of plant oils such as soybean () oil as a renewable resource for food and fuel is valuable. Successful breeding for higher oil levels in soybeans, however, usually results in reduced seed protein. A soybean fast neutron population was screened for oil content, and three high oil mutants with minimal reductions in protein levels were found. Three backcross F2 populations derived from these mutants exhibited segregation for seed oil content. DNA was pooled from the high-oil and normal-oil plants within each population and assessed by comparative genomic hybridization. A deletion encompassing 20 gene models on chromosome 14 was found to co-segregate with the high-oil trait in two of the three populations. Eighteen genes in the deleted region have known functions that appear unrelated to oil biosynthesis and accumulation pathways, while one of the unknown genes () may contribute to the regulation of lipid droplet formation. This high-oil trait can facilitate the breeding of high-oil soybeans without protein reduction, resulting in higher meal protein levels.
自农业出现以来，人们就一直在对作物进行基因改良以获得理想的特性。这包括对自然和诱导突变体的选择。增加大豆等植物油脂的产量作为食物和燃料的可再生资源是有价值的。然而，为了提高大豆中的油含量进行的成功选育通常会导致种子蛋白质减少。我们对大豆的快中子群体进行了筛选，以检测其含油量，发现了三个含油量高但蛋白水平降低最小的突变体。从这些突变体中衍生出的三个回交 F2 群体表现出种子含油量的分离。我们从每个群体中的高油和正常油植物中提取 DNA 并进行比较基因组杂交评估。在三个群体中的两个群体中，发现一个包含 14 号染色体上 20 个基因模型的缺失与高油特性共分离。删除区域内的 18 个基因具有已知功能，这些功能似乎与油脂生物合成和积累途径无关，而其中一个未知基因（）可能有助于调节脂滴的形成。这种高油特性可以促进高蛋白含量大豆的选育，而不会降低蛋白质含量，从而提高豆粕的蛋白质含量。
