Herpetological Research Center, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210023, China.
Jiangsu Institute of Oceanology & Marine Fisheries, Nantong 226007, China.
Genes (Basel). 2024 Jul 19;15(7):945. doi: 10.3390/genes15070945.
TGF-β1/Smads is a classic signaling pathway, which plays important roles in the development process of organisms. Black porgy and red porgy are valuable economic fishes, and their hybrid offspring show excellent heterosis traits. Yet the molecular regulation mechanism of the heterosis traits is less clear. Here, we explored the TGF-β1/Smads pathway's molecular genetic information for heterosis in ♂ × ♀ (AP) and ♀ × ♂ (PA) in terms of growth and development. The mRNA expression levels of , , , and genes in different developmental stages of were detected. Furthermore, the expression levels of , , , and genes in different tissues of adult (mRNA level) and larva (mRNA and protein level) of , , and their hybrids were determined by both real-time quantitative PCR and Western blot techniques. The results indicated the ubiquitous expression of these genes in all developmental stages of and in all tested tissues of , and its hybrids. Among them, the mRNA of , and genes is highly expressed in the liver, gill, kidney, and muscle of black porgy, red porgy, and their hybrid offspring. There are significant changes in gene and protein expression levels in hybrid offspring, which indirectly reflect hybrid advantage. In addition, there was no correlation between protein and mRNA expression levels of Smad2 protein. The results provide novel data for the differential expression of growth and development genes between the reciprocal hybridization generation of black porgy and red porgy and its parents, which is conducive to further explaining the molecular regulation mechanism of heterosis in the growth and development of hybrid porgy.
TGF-β1/Smads 是经典的信号通路，在生物的发育过程中发挥着重要作用。黑鲷和红鳍东方鲀是有价值的经济鱼类，它们的杂交后代表现出优异的杂种优势性状。然而，杂种优势性状的分子调控机制尚不清楚。在这里，我们从生长和发育的角度，探讨了 TGF-β1/Smads 通路在♂×♀（AP）和♀×♂（PA）杂交后代杂种优势中的分子遗传信息。检测了不同发育阶段♀中的 、 、 、 基因的 mRNA 表达水平。此外，通过实时定量 PCR 和 Western blot 技术，测定了♀、♂及其杂交后代成鱼（mRNA 水平）和幼鱼（mRNA 和蛋白水平）不同组织中 、 、 、 基因的表达水平。结果表明，这些基因在♀的所有发育阶段以及♀、♂及其杂交后代的所有检测组织中均有广泛表达。其中， 、 、 基因的 mRNA 在黑鲷、红鳍东方鲀及其杂交后代的肝脏、鳃、肾脏和肌肉中高度表达。杂种后代的基因和蛋白表达水平发生了显著变化，这间接反映了杂种优势。此外，Smad2 蛋白的基因和蛋白表达水平之间没有相关性。这些结果为黑鲷和红鳍东方鲀正反交杂交后代与亲本生长发育基因的差异表达提供了新的数据，有助于进一步解释杂交鲀生长发育杂种优势的分子调控机制。
