Laboratorio de Terapia Celular, Departamento de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Av. Dr. José Eleuterio González 235, Monterrey 64460, Nuevo León, Mexico.
Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Vicerrectoría de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Monterrey, Ignacio Morones Prieto 4500, Jesus M. Garza, San Pedro Garza García 66238, Nuevo León, Mexico.
Int J Mol Sci. 2024 Jul 16;25(14):7791. doi: 10.3390/ijms25147791.
Combined gene and cell therapy are promising strategies for cancer treatment. Given the complexity of cancer, several approaches are actively studied to fight this disease. Using mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) has demonstrated dual antitumor and protumor effects as they exert massive immune/regulatory effects on the tissue microenvironment. MSCs have been widely investigated to exploit their antitumor target delivery system. They can be genetically modified to overexpress genes and selectively or more efficiently eliminate tumor cells. Current approaches tend to produce more effective and safer therapies using MSCs or derivatives; however, the effect achieved by engineered MSCs in solid tumors is still limited and depends on several factors such as the cell source, transgene, and tumor target. This review describes the progress of gene and cell therapy focused on MSCs as a cornerstone against solid tumors, addressing the different MSC-engineering methods that have been approached over decades of research. Furthermore, we summarize the main objectives of engineered MSCs against the most common cancers and discuss the challenges, limitations, risks, and advantages of targeted treatments combined with conventional ones.
联合基因和细胞治疗是癌症治疗的有前途的策略。鉴于癌症的复杂性，目前正在积极研究几种方法来对抗这种疾病。间充质干细胞 (MSCs) 的应用证明了其具有双重抗肿瘤和促肿瘤作用，因为它们对组织微环境产生了大量的免疫/调节作用。已经广泛研究了 MSCs 来利用其抗肿瘤靶向递送系统。它们可以通过基因修饰过表达基因，并选择性或更有效地消除肿瘤细胞。目前的方法倾向于使用 MSCs 或其衍生物来产生更有效和更安全的治疗方法；然而，工程 MSCs 在实体瘤中所达到的效果仍然有限，并且取决于几个因素，如细胞来源、转基因和肿瘤靶标。本综述描述了以 MSCs 为基石针对实体瘤的基因和细胞治疗的进展，讨论了几十年来研究中采用的不同 MSC 工程方法。此外，我们总结了针对最常见癌症的工程 MSCs 的主要目标，并讨论了靶向治疗与常规治疗相结合的挑战、限制、风险和优势。
