Molé P A, Coulson R L
Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1985 Oct;17(5):538-45.
The question of whether the heart in humans is resistant to deterioration during prolonged exercise is addressed in this review. An evaluation of the available data in the literature shows: 1) whole body VO2 increases during vigorous prolonged exercise, primarily due to an increase in O2 consumption of working muscles; 2) heat exacerbates the rise in VO2; 3) these factors, hard exercise and heat, induce cardiovascular drift which involves progressive decreases in mean arterial pressure and stroke volume, with heart rate increasing to maintain cardiac output; 4) the fall in stroke volume appears to occur, at least in part, because ventricular filling pressure is lowered with a fall in central venous volume as cutaneous venous volume increases; 5) there is some limited indirect evidence that the inotropic state of the heart may also decrease with prolonged exhaustive exercise; and (6) neither estimates of heart work nor myocardial energetics appear to change in healthy men after 1 h of exercise under temperate conditions.
本综述探讨了人类心脏在长时间运动期间是否抗衰退这一问题。对文献中现有数据的评估表明：1）在剧烈的长时间运动期间，全身耗氧量增加，主要是由于工作肌肉的氧气消耗量增加；2）热量会加剧耗氧量的上升；3）这些因素，即高强度运动和热量，会引发心血管漂移，这涉及平均动脉压和每搏输出量的逐渐下降，心率增加以维持心输出量；4）每搏输出量的下降似乎至少部分是因为随着皮肤静脉容量增加，中心静脉容量下降，心室充盈压降低；5）有一些有限的间接证据表明，长时间力竭运动后心脏的收缩状态也可能下降；以及（6）在温和条件下运动1小时后，健康男性的心脏做功估计值和心肌能量学似乎均未发生变化。
