Llovera Arnau, Abras Alba, Fernández-Arévalo Anna, Ballart Cristina, Heras Sandra, Muñoz Carmen, Gállego Montserrat
Independent Researcher, 17003 Girona, Spain.
Laboratori d'Ictiologia Genètica, Departament de Biologia, Universitat de Girona, 17003 Girona, Spain.
Life (Basel). 2024 Jul 19;14(7):901. doi: 10.3390/life14070901.
Chagas disease (CD), caused by and endemic in Latin America, has become an emergent health problem in non-endemic countries due to human migration. The United States (US) is the non-Latin American country with the highest CD burden and cannot be considered as non-endemic, since triatomine vectors and reservoir animals have been found. Populations of are divided into genetic subdivisions, which are known as discrete typing units (DTUs): TcI to TcVI and TcBat. Autochthonous human infection in the US is sporadic, but it may change due to environmental factors affecting the geographic distribution of triatomines. We aimed to perform a literature review of the genetic diversity of in triatomine vectors and mammalian hosts, including human cases, in the US. The 34 analyzed studies revealed the presence of in 18 states, which was mainly concentrated in Texas, Louisiana and New Mexico. TcI and TcIV were the principal DTUs identified, being TcI the most genotyped (42.4%; 917/2164). This study represents a first attempt to compile the molecular epidemiology of in the US, which is fundamental for predicting the progression of the infection in the country and could be of great help in its future management.
恰加斯病（CD）由[病原体名称未给出]引起，在拉丁美洲流行，由于人口迁移，已成为非流行国家中一个新出现的健康问题。美国是恰加斯病负担最重的非拉丁美洲国家，由于发现了锥蝽媒介和储存宿主动物，因此不能被视为非流行地区。[病原体名称未给出]种群可分为遗传亚群，即离散型分型单元（DTUs）：TcI至TcVI和TcBat。美国本土人群感染[病原体名称未给出]的情况较为零散，但可能会因影响锥蝽地理分布的环境因素而发生变化。我们旨在对美国锥蝽媒介和哺乳动物宿主（包括人类病例）中[病原体名称未给出]的遗传多样性进行文献综述。分析的34项研究显示，在美国18个州发现了[病原体名称未给出]，主要集中在得克萨斯州、路易斯安那州和新墨西哥州。TcI和TcIV是鉴定出的主要DTUs，其中TcI是基因分型最多的（42.4%；917/2164）。这项研究代表了首次尝试汇总美国[病原体名称未给出]的分子流行病学情况，这对于预测该国的感染进展至关重要，并且可能对其未来管理有很大帮助。
