Lixi Filippo, Fazzini Luca, Cannas Claudia, Montisci Roberta, Giannaccare Giuseppe
Eye Clinic, Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy.
Clinical Cardiology Unit, Department of Medical Sciences and Public Health, University of Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy.
J Pers Med. 2024 Jun 27;14(7):695. doi: 10.3390/jpm14070695.
Patent foramen ovale (PFO) is a prevalent congenital cardiac anomaly associated with a persistent opening between the atrial septum, allowing communication between the left and right atria. Despite often being asymptomatic, PFO can lead to various clinical presentations, including cryptogenic stroke and other embolic events. Transient visual disturbances, alterations in the visual field, migraine with aura, impaired eye movement and endogenous eye infections may prompt patients to seek ophthalmological consultation. Understanding these diverse clinical scenarios is crucial for early detection, appropriate management and mitigating the morbidity burden associated with PFO. This narrative review aims at examining the spectrum of clinical presentations of ocular pictures associated with PFO. The pathophysiology, diagnosis and treatment methods for PFO will be described, emphasizing the importance of a multidisciplinary approach involving ophthalmologists, cardiologists, neurologists and imaging specialists. In the future, prospective studies and clinical trials are warranted to provide further insights into the preventive role and optimal therapeutic strategies for managing PFO-related ocular complications, ultimately guiding clinical decision making and optimizing patient care.
卵圆孔未闭（PFO）是一种常见的先天性心脏异常，与房间隔之间持续存在的开口有关，使得左心房和右心房之间能够相通。尽管PFO通常无症状，但它可导致各种临床表现，包括不明原因的卒中及其他栓塞事件。短暂性视觉障碍、视野改变、伴有先兆的偏头痛、眼球运动障碍和内源性眼部感染可能促使患者寻求眼科会诊。了解这些不同的临床情况对于早期发现、恰当管理以及减轻与PFO相关的发病负担至关重要。本叙述性综述旨在探讨与PFO相关的眼部表现的临床谱。将描述PFO的病理生理学、诊断和治疗方法，强调涉及眼科医生、心脏病专家、神经科医生和影像专家的多学科方法的重要性。未来，有必要进行前瞻性研究和临床试验，以进一步深入了解PFO相关眼部并发症的预防作用和最佳治疗策略，最终指导临床决策并优化患者护理。
