College of Food Science and Engineering, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China.
Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
Nutrients. 2024 Jul 10;16(14):2213. doi: 10.3390/nu16142213.
The efficacy of functional lipids with antioxidant properties in reducing cardiovascular risk has not been consistent. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) reporting estimates for the effects of antioxidant functional lipid supplementations on cardiometabolic risk factors were searched up to 1 May 2024. Overall, antioxidant lipid supplementations, compared with placebo, had favorable effects on systolic blood pressure (lycopene: -1.95 [-3.54, -0.36] mmHg), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (n6 fatty acid: -0.39 [-0.71, -0.06] mmol/L; astaxanthin: -0.11 [-0.21, -0.01] mmol/L), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (n3 fatty acid: 0.20 [0.13, 0.27] mmol/L; n6 fatty acid: 0.08 [0.01, 0.14] mmol/L; astaxanthin: 0.13 [0.05, 0.21] mmol/L), total cholesterol (n6 fatty acid: -0.24 [-0.37, -0.11] mmol/L; astaxanthin: -0.22 [-0.32, -0.12] mmol/L; beta-carotene: -0.13 [-0.23, -0.04] mmol/L), triglyceride (n3 fatty acid: -0.37 [-0.47, -0.28] mmol/L; astaxanthin: -0.46 [-0.83, -0.10] mmol/L), and fasting blood insulin (astaxanthin: -2.66 [-3.98, -1.34] pmol/L). The benefits of antioxidant lipid supplementations appeared to be most evident in blood pressure and blood lipids in participants with different cardiometabolic health statuses. Notably, n9 fatty acid increased triglyceride and hemoglobin A1C in the total population, which increases CVD risk. Antioxidant lipid supplementations ameliorate cardiometabolic risk factors, while their effect may depend on type and cardiometabolic health status. Long-term RCTs are needed to corroborate risk-benefit ratios across different antioxidant functional lipid supplementation settings.
具有抗氧化特性的功能性脂质在降低心血管风险方面的功效并不一致。截至 2024 年 5 月 1 日，检索了报告抗氧化功能性脂质补充剂对心脏代谢风险因素影响的随机对照试验 (RCT)。总体而言，与安慰剂相比，抗氧化脂质补充剂对收缩压（番茄红素：-1.95[-3.54，-0.36]mmHg）、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（n6 脂肪酸：-0.39[-0.71，-0.06]mmol/L；虾青素：-0.11[-0.21，-0.01]mmol/L）、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（n3 脂肪酸：0.20[0.13，0.27]mmol/L；n6 脂肪酸：0.08[0.01，0.14]mmol/L；虾青素：0.13[0.05，0.21]mmol/L）、总胆固醇（n6 脂肪酸：-0.24[-0.37，-0.11]mmol/L；虾青素：-0.22[-0.32，-0.12]mmol/L；β-胡萝卜素：-0.13[-0.23，-0.04]mmol/L）、甘油三酯（n3 脂肪酸：-0.37[-0.47，-0.28]mmol/L；虾青素：-0.46[-0.83，-0.10]mmol/L）和空腹血胰岛素（虾青素：-2.66[-3.98，-1.34]pmol/L）有有益影响。抗氧化脂质补充剂的益处似乎在不同心脏代谢健康状况的参与者的血压和血脂方面最为明显。值得注意的是，n9 脂肪酸会增加总人群的甘油三酯和血红蛋白 A1C，从而增加 CVD 风险。抗氧化脂质补充剂可改善心脏代谢风险因素，但它们的效果可能取决于类型和心脏代谢健康状况。需要进行长期 RCT 以证实不同抗氧化功能性脂质补充剂设置的风险效益比。
