Fornari Laurindo Lucas, Dogani Rodrigues Victória, Penna Carneiro Dennis, Sérgio Marangão Filho Luiz, Pereira Eliana de Souza Bastos Mazuqueli, José Tofano Ricardo, Chagas Eduardo Federighi Baisi, Dos Santos Haber Jesselina Francisco, Cristina Castilho Caracio Flávia, Moreira Letícia Zanoni, Valenti Vitor Engrácia, Maria Barbalho Sandra
Laboratory for Systematic Investigations of Diseases, Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Universidade de Marília (UNIMAR), Marília 17525-902, SP, Brazil.
Postgraduate Program in Structural and Functional Interactions in Rehabilitation, School of Medicine, Universidade de Marília (UNIMAR), Marília 17525-902, SP, Brazil.
Pharmaceuticals (Basel). 2025 Jul 24;18(8):1097. doi: 10.3390/ph18081097.
Astaxanthin, a xanthophyll carotenoid, has garnered significant interest due to its benefits with regard to dyslipidemia. This multifaceted functional food ingredient modulates several key enzymes associated with lipid regulation, including HMG-CoA reductase, CPT1, ACCβ, and acyl-CoA oxidase. It influences key antioxidant molecular pathways like the Nrf2, limiting dyslipidemia occurrence and regulating liver cholesterol uptake through the modulation of liver lipid receptors. Due to the current lack of systematic reviews and meta-analyses assessing moderate to high dosages (6-24 mg/d) of astaxanthin supplementation on lipid dysregulation, the present manuscript aims to fill this gap in the literature. Following the PRISMA guidelines, we included eight studies comprising eleven results from the PubMed, Springer Link, Science Direct, Cochrane, and Google Scholar databases. The Jamovi (Version 2.6.26, Solid) software was utilized for statistics. Our primary objective was to assess in detail the effects of astaxanthin on LDL-C, HDL-C, triglyceride, and total cholesterol levels. The meta-analysis concludes positive effects of astaxanthin (6-20 mg/d) on HDL-C (0.4200; 95% CI: 0.1081 to 0.7319) and triglyceride (-0.3058; 95% CI: -0.5138 to -0.0978) levels. Unfortunately, astaxanthin (6-20 mg/d) does not appear to significantly influence LDL-C (-0.0725; 95% CI: -0.3070 to 0.1620) and total cholesterol (-0.0448; 95% CI: -0.3369 to 0.2473) levels. Regarding HDL-C, improvements were observed from 55 ± 8 mg/dL (pre-intervention) to 63 ± 8 mg/dL (post-intervention) ( < 0.01) in the 12 mg/d of astaxanthin groups. In the assessment of triglyceride levels, results show a decrease from 151 ± 26 mg/dL (pre-intervention) to 112 ± 40 mg/dL (post-intervention) ( < 0.01) for 18 mg/d astaxanthin supplementation. Further research is necessary to fully harness the potential of astaxanthin, which includes assessing astaxanthin in different subsets of patients, using a GWAS, and in combination with other nutraceuticals to understand the compound's effectiveness with regard to varying health conditions, genetic and epigenetic factors, and synergistic effects with other compounds.
虾青素是一种叶黄素类胡萝卜素，因其对血脂异常有益而备受关注。这种多方面的功能性食品成分可调节几种与脂质调节相关的关键酶，包括HMG-CoA还原酶、CPT1、ACCβ和酰基辅酶A氧化酶。它影响关键的抗氧化分子途径，如Nrf2，通过调节肝脏脂质受体来限制血脂异常的发生并调节肝脏胆固醇摄取。由于目前缺乏系统评价和荟萃分析来评估中高剂量（6 - 24毫克/天）虾青素补充剂对脂质失调的影响，本手稿旨在填补文献中的这一空白。遵循PRISMA指南，我们纳入了八项研究，这些研究包含来自PubMed、Springer Link、Science Direct、Cochrane和Google Scholar数据库的十一项结果。使用Jamovi（版本2.6.26，Solid）软件进行统计。我们的主要目标是详细评估虾青素对低密度脂蛋白胆固醇（LDL-C）、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL-C）、甘油三酯和总胆固醇水平的影响。荟萃分析得出虾青素（6 - 20毫克/天）对HDL-C（0.4200；95%置信区间：0.1081至0.7319）和甘油三酯（-0.3058；95%置信区间：-0.5138至-0.0978）水平有积极影响。不幸的是，虾青素（6 - 20毫克/天）似乎对LDL-C（-0.0725；95%置信区间：-0.3070至0.1620）和总胆固醇（-0.0448；95%置信区间：-0.3369至0.2473）水平没有显著影响。关于HDL-C，在虾青素12毫克/天组中，观察到从干预前的55±8毫克/分升降至干预后的63±8毫克/分升（<0.01）。在甘油三酯水平评估中，结果显示补充18毫克/天虾青素时，从干预前的151±26毫克/分升降至干预后的11
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