Departamento de Salud, El Colegio de la Frontera Sur Unidad Villahermosa, Carretera Federal Villahermosa-Reforma Km 15.5, Ra. Guineo Segunda Sección, C.P., Villahermosa 86280, Tabasco, Mexico.
Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Unidad Profesional Adolfo López Mateos, Zacatenco, Av. Wilfrido Massieu Esq. Cda. Miguel Stampa S/N, Alcaldía Gustavo A. Madero, Mexico City 07738, Mexico.
Molecules. 2024 Jul 9;29(14):3243. doi: 10.3390/molecules29143243.
L. () is a plant that is native to tropical America and Africa. It is also found in the southeast region of Mexico, where it is used as food and to treat certain diseases. This study aimed to carry out a phytochemical analysis of an aqueous extract of seed (AECS), including its total phenol content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), and condensed tannins (CT). It also aimed to examine the antioxidant and metal-ion-reducing potential of the AECS in vitro, as well as its toxicity and anti-inflammatory effect in mice. Antioxidant and metal-ion-reducing potential was examined by inhibiting DPPH, ABTS, and FRAP. The acute toxicity test involved a single administration of different doses of the AECS (0.5, 1, and 2 g/kg body weight). Finally, a single administration at doses of 150, 300, and 600 mg/kg of the AECS was used in the carrageenan-induced model of subplantar acute edema. The results showed that the AECS contained 124.14 ± 0.32 mg GAE, 1.65 ± 0.02 mg EQ, and 0.910 ± 0.01 mg of catechin equivalents/g dried extract (mg EC/g de extract) for TPC, TFC and CT, respectively. In the antioxidant potential assays, the values of the median inhibition concentration (IC) of the AECS were determined with DPPH (0.050 mg/mL), ABTS (0.074 mg/mL), and FRAP (0.49 mg/mL). Acute toxicity testing of the AECS revealed no lethality, with a median lethal dose (LD) value of >2 g/kg by the intragastric route. Finally, for inhibition of acute edema, the AECS decreased inflammation by 55%, similar to indomethacin (59%, > 0.05). These results demonstrated that seed could be considered a source of bioactive molecules for therapeutic purposes due to its antioxidant potential and anti-inflammatory activity derived from TPC, with no lethal effect from a single intragastric administration in mice.
水飞蓟种子提取物的化学成分分析、抗氧化和金属离子还原能力以及体内毒性和抗炎作用
水飞蓟（Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn.）是一种原产于热带美洲和非洲的植物，也分布在墨西哥东南部地区，作为食物和治疗某些疾病。本研究旨在对水飞蓟种子的水提物（AECS）进行植物化学成分分析，包括总酚含量（TPC）、总黄酮含量（TFC）和缩合单宁（CT）。还旨在体外研究 AECS 的抗氧化和金属离子还原潜力，以及在小鼠体内的毒性和抗炎作用。抗氧化和金属离子还原潜力通过抑制 DPPH、ABTS 和 FRAP 来评估。急性毒性试验涉及单次给予不同剂量的 AECS（0.5、1 和 2 g/kg 体重）。最后，在角叉菜胶诱导的足底急性水肿模型中，单次给予 150、300 和 600 mg/kg 的 AECS。结果表明，AECS 含有 124.14 ± 0.32 mg GAE、1.65 ± 0.02 mg EQ 和 0.910 ± 0.01 mg 没食子酸当量/克干提取物（mg EC/g de extract），分别为 TPC、TFC 和 CT。在抗氧化潜力测定中，通过 DPPH（0.050 mg/mL）、ABTS（0.074 mg/mL）和 FRAP（0.49 mg/mL）确定 AECS 的半数抑制浓度（IC）值。AECS 的急性毒性试验表明，通过灌胃途径，无致死性，LD 50 值>2 g/kg。最后，对于急性水肿的抑制，AECS 使炎症减少了 55%，与消炎痛（59%，>0.05）相似。这些结果表明，由于其抗氧化潜力和源自 TPC 的抗炎活性，水飞蓟种子可被认为是治疗用途的生物活性分子的来源，并且在小鼠中单次灌胃没有致死作用。
