Al-Ghafri Yasir, Asif Hafiz M, Tarhuni Naser, Nadir Zia
Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, College of Engineering, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat 123, Oman.
Sensors (Basel). 2024 Jul 18;24(14):4671. doi: 10.3390/s24144671.
Enhancing spectral efficiency in non-line-of-sight (NLoS) environments is essential as 5G networks evolve, surpassing 4G systems with high information rates and minimal interference. Instead of relying on traditional Orthogonal Multiple Access (OMA) systems to tackle issues caused by NLoS, advanced wireless networks adopt innovative models like Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access (NOMA), cooperative relaying, Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO), and intelligent reflective surfaces (IRSs). Therefore, this study comprehensively analyzes these techniques for their potential to improve communication reliability and spectral efficiency in NLoS scenarios. Specifically, it encompasses an analysis of cooperative relaying strategies for their potential to improve reliability and spectral efficiency in NLoS environments through user cooperation. It also examines various MIMO configurations to address NLoS challenges via spatial diversity. Additionally, it investigates IRS settings, which can alter signal paths to enhance coverage and reduce interference and analyze the role of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) in establishing flexible communication infrastructure in difficult environments. This paper also surveys effective energy harvesting (EH) strategies that can be integrated with NOMA for efficient and reliable energy-communication networks. Our findings show that incorporating these technologies with NOMA not only enhances connectivity and spectral efficiency but also promotes a stable and environmentally sustainable data communication system.
随着5G网络的发展，在非视距（NLoS）环境中提高频谱效率至关重要，5G网络以高信息速率和最小干扰超越了4G系统。先进的无线网络不再依赖传统的正交多址接入（OMA）系统来解决非视距带来的问题，而是采用非正交多址接入（NOMA）、协作中继、多输入多输出（MIMO）和智能反射面（IRS）等创新模型。因此，本研究全面分析了这些技术在非视距场景中提高通信可靠性和频谱效率的潜力。具体而言，它包括对协作中继策略的分析，即通过用户协作在非视距环境中提高可靠性和频谱效率的潜力。它还研究了各种MIMO配置，以通过空间分集应对非视距挑战。此外，它研究了IRS设置，IRS可以改变信号路径以增强覆盖范围并减少干扰，并分析了无人机（UAV）在困难环境中建立灵活通信基础设施中的作用。本文还调查了可以与NOMA集成以实现高效可靠的能量通信网络的有效能量收集（EH）策略。我们的研究结果表明，将这些技术与NOMA相结合不仅可以增强连接性和频谱效率，还可以促进稳定且环境可持续的数据通信系统。
