Department of Pediatrics, Pulmonary Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, 175 Cambridge Street, 5(th) floor, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
Department of Pediatric Respiratory Medicine, Immunology and Critical Care Medicine, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin Augustenburger Platz 1, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin 13353, Germany; German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Berlin, Germany; Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
Clin Chest Med. 2024 Sep;45(3):675-684. doi: 10.1016/j.ccm.2024.02.019.
The COVID-19 pandemic reshaped the landscape of respiratory viral illnesses, causing common viruses to fade as SARS-CoV-2 took precedence. By 2023, more than 96% of the children in the United States were estimated to have been infected with SARS-CoV-2, with certain genetic predispositions and underlying health conditions posing risk factors for severe disease in children. Children, in general though, exhibit immunity advantages, protecting against aspects of the SARS-CoV-2 infection known to drive increased severity in older adults. Post-COVID-19 complications such as multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children and long COVID have emerged, underscoring the importance of vaccination. Here, we highlight the risks of severe pediatric COVID-19, age-specific immunoprotection, comparisons of SARS-CoV-2 with other respiratory viruses, and factors contributing to post-COVID-19 complications in children.
新冠疫情改变了呼吸道病毒疾病的格局，导致常见病毒逐渐消失，而 SARS-CoV-2 则占据了主导地位。到 2023 年，据估计，美国超过 96%的儿童都曾感染过 SARS-CoV-2，某些遗传易感性和潜在健康状况使儿童罹患重症的风险因素增加。然而，儿童通常具有免疫优势，可以预防已知会导致老年人病情加重的 SARS-CoV-2 感染的某些方面。新冠疫情后的并发症，如儿童多系统炎症综合征和长新冠，已经出现，突显了疫苗接种的重要性。在这里，我们重点介绍了儿童患严重 COVID-19 的风险、特定年龄段的免疫保护、SARS-CoV-2 与其他呼吸道病毒的比较，以及导致儿童新冠疫情后并发症的因素。
