Stojanović Zvezdana, Simić Katarina, Tepšić Ostojić Vesna, Gojković Zagorka, Petković-Ćurčin Aleksandra
Clinic for Psychiatry, Military Medical Academy, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia.
Medical Faculty of the Military Medical Academy, University of Defence, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia.
Biomed Rep. 2024 Jul 8;21(3):129. doi: 10.3892/br.2024.1817. eCollection 2024 Sep.
There are very few treatments in psychiatry, even in medicine, that have experienced longevity and effectiveness such as electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), despite the controversies and stigma that accompany it. The experience of the COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the need to strengthen mental health systems in most countries, given that depression is one of the leading health problems and that there is an evident shortage of psychiatrists worldwide. The Fourth Industrial Revolution, has witnessed great progress in artificial intelligence (AI) technology, which opens up the possibility of its application both in the diagnosis and in the therapy of mental disorders. It is no exaggeration to suggest that tools such as AI, neuroimaging and blood tests will bring significant change to psychiatry in the coming years, but even so, treating severe mental disorders remains a challenge. The present review summarized the development of ECT over time, its application in clinical practice, neurobiological correlates and mechanisms of action and sheds light on the important place of ECT in the era of technological development, considering that ECT is still the most effective therapy for the treatment of severe mental disorders, especially depressive disorder.
在精神病学领域，甚至在医学领域，很少有像电休克疗法（ECT）这样历经长久且有效的治疗方法，尽管它伴随着争议和污名。鉴于抑郁症是主要的健康问题之一，且全球精神科医生明显短缺，新冠疫情的经历凸显了大多数国家加强心理健康系统的必要性。第四次工业革命见证了人工智能（AI）技术的巨大进步，这为其在精神障碍的诊断和治疗中的应用开辟了可能性。毫不夸张地说，诸如人工智能、神经影像学和血液检测等工具将在未来几年给精神病学带来重大变革，但即便如此，治疗严重精神障碍仍然是一项挑战。本综述总结了电休克疗法随时间的发展、其在临床实践中的应用、神经生物学关联和作用机制，并鉴于电休克疗法仍是治疗严重精神障碍尤其是抑郁症最有效的疗法，阐明了其在技术发展时代的重要地位。
