Mer Hetal Tejas, Jenifa J B, Rawat Shalini, Kadiyala Prathyusha
Department of Community Medicine, ACS Medical College and Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.
Department of Community Medicine, Sri Muthukumaran Medical College Hospital and Research Institute, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India.
J Family Med Prim Care. 2024 Jul;13(7):2692-2697. doi: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_1853_23. Epub 2024 Jun 28.
Osteoporosis significantly compromises the quality of life of postmenopausal women. There are DALY (Disability-Adjusted Life Years) losses for postmenopausal women who suffer from osteoporosis. Therefore, this study was taken up with the objective to determine prevalence of osteopenia and osteoporosis among postmenopausal women and to study the association of their anthropometric parameters and lifestyle factors with their bone mineral density (BMD). To study the determinants of BMD among postmenopausal women with special reference to anthropometric and lifestyle factors in an urban slum.
A community-based, cross-sectional study was conducted in an urban slum of Mumbai. The study was conducted among 148 postmenopausal women. BMD of the study group was measured using portable, noninvasive Calcaneum Ultrasound Bone Densitometer, and T-score reading was noted. Lifestyle factors and dietary habits were assessed through a prestructured, validated questionnaire. Body mass index (BMI) was calculated with a standard procedure. No trial was conducted in the study. Statistical Package for Social Sciences (version 20) was used for statistical analysis.
The prevalence of osteopenia among study participants was found to be 43.9% and that of osteoporosis was 12.8%. Their BMI was in the range of 16.44-39.18 kg/m. Walking, stretching exercises, and yoga were the form of exercise being practiced by 29.1% of postmenopausal women.
BMD was significantly associated with age, socioeconomic status, BMI, exercise, walking, and consumption of fruits. Negative correlation was found between duration since menopause and BMD T-score reading, which implied that duration since menopause had an inverse relationship with BMD.
骨质疏松症严重影响绝经后女性的生活质量。患有骨质疏松症的绝经后女性存在伤残调整生命年损失。因此，本研究旨在确定绝经后女性中骨量减少和骨质疏松症的患病率，并研究其人体测量参数和生活方式因素与骨密度（BMD）之间的关联。特别参照城市贫民窟中绝经后女性的人体测量和生活方式因素，研究其骨密度的决定因素。
在孟买的一个城市贫民窟进行了一项基于社区的横断面研究。该研究在148名绝经后女性中开展。使用便携式、非侵入性跟骨超声骨密度仪测量研究组的骨密度，并记录T值读数。通过预先构建并经验证的问卷评估生活方式因素和饮食习惯。采用标准程序计算体重指数（BMI）。本研究未进行试验。使用社会科学统计软件包（版本20）进行统计分析。
研究参与者中骨量减少的患病率为43.9%，骨质疏松症的患病率为12.8%。她们的BMI在16.44 - 39.18 kg/m范围内。29.1%的绝经后女性进行的运动形式为散步、伸展运动和瑜伽。
骨密度与年龄、社会经济地位、BMI、运动、散步和水果摄入量显著相关。绝经后时长与骨密度T值读数之间呈负相关，这意味着绝经后时长与骨密度呈反比关系。
