Gelderloos Anne T, Lakerveld Anke J, Schepp Rutger M, Nicolaie Mioara Alina, van Beek Josine, Beckers Lisa, van Binnendijk Robert S, Rots Nynke Y, van Kasteren Puck B
Center for Immunology of Infectious Diseases and Vaccines (IIV), Center for Infectious Disease Control National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM) Bilthoven The Netherlands.
Department of Statistics, Information Technology and Modelling (SIM) National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM) Bilthoven The Netherlands.
Clin Transl Immunology. 2024 Jul 26;13(8):e1521. doi: 10.1002/cti2.1521. eCollection 2024.
Increasing evidence suggests that Fc-mediated antibody effector functions have an important role in protection against respiratory viruses, including SARS-CoV-2. However, limited data are available on the potential differences in the development, heterogeneity and durability of these responses in children compared to adults.
Here, we assessed the development of spike S1-specific serum antibody-dependent cellular phagocytosis (ADCP), complement deposition (ADCD) and natural killer cell activation (ADNKA), alongside specific antibody binding concentrations (IgG, IgA and IgM) and IgG avidity in healthy adults ( = 38, 18-56 years) and children ( = 21, 5-16 years) following primary SARS-CoV-2 infection, with a 10-month longitudinal follow-up. Differences between groups were assessed using a nonparametric Kruskal-Wallis test with Dunn's multiple comparisons test.
We found similar (functional) antibody responses in children compared to adults, with a tendency for increased durability in children, which was statistically significant for ADCD ( < 0.05). While ADNKA was strongly reduced in both adults ( < 0.001) and children ( < 0.05) at the latest time point, ADCP remained relatively stable over time, possibly relating to an increase in avidity of the spike-specific antibodies ( < 0.001). Finally, the ADNKA capacity relative to antibody concentration appeared to decrease over time in both children and adults.
In conclusion, our data provide novel insights into the development of SARS-CoV-2-specific antibody Fc-mediated effector functions in children and adults. An increased understanding of these characteristics in specific age populations is valuable for the future design of novel and improved vaccination strategies for respiratory viruses such as SARS-CoV-2.
越来越多的证据表明，Fc介导的抗体效应功能在抵御包括SARS-CoV-2在内的呼吸道病毒方面发挥着重要作用。然而，与成人相比，关于儿童这些反应的发生发展、异质性和持久性的潜在差异的数据有限。
在此，我们评估了健康成人（n = 38，18 - 56岁）和儿童（n = 21，5 - 16岁）在初次感染SARS-CoV-2后，刺突S1特异性血清抗体依赖性细胞吞噬作用（ADCP）、补体沉积（ADCD）和自然杀伤细胞激活（ADNKA）的发生发展情况，以及特异性抗体结合浓度（IgG、IgA和IgM）和IgG亲和力，并进行了为期10个月的纵向随访。使用非参数Kruskal-Wallis检验和Dunn多重比较检验评估组间差异。
我们发现儿童与成人的（功能性）抗体反应相似，儿童的反应持久性有增加的趋势，这在ADCD方面具有统计学意义（P < 0.05）。虽然在最晚时间点，成人（P < 0.001）和儿童（P < 0.05）的ADNKA均大幅降低，但ADCP随时间保持相对稳定，这可能与刺突特异性抗体亲和力的增加有关（P < 0.001）。最后，儿童和成人中相对于抗体浓度的ADNKA能力似乎均随时间下降。
总之，我们的数据为儿童和成人中SARS-CoV-2特异性抗体Fc介导的效应功能的发生发展提供了新的见解。深入了解特定年龄人群的这些特征对于未来设计针对SARS-CoV-2等呼吸道病毒的新型和改进疫苗策略具有重要价值。
