Calvert C A, Rawlings C A
Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract. 1985 Sep;15(5):991-1009. doi: 10.1016/s0195-5616(85)50106-0.
The clinical signs associated with heartworm disease are the result of changes in the pulmonary arterial system. These clinical signs are the result of either pulmonary hypertension or lung parenchymal disease associated with vascular changes. An increase in pulmonary arterial pressure produces an increase in right ventricular afterload, which may lead to exercise intolerance, syncope, and right-sided congestive heart failure. Coughing, dyspnea, and hemoptysis are the results of pulmonary parenchymal disease.
与心丝虫病相关的临床症状是肺动脉系统变化的结果。这些临床症状是由肺动脉高压或与血管变化相关的肺实质疾病引起的。肺动脉压力升高会导致右心室后负荷增加，这可能会导致运动不耐受、晕厥和右侧充血性心力衰竭。咳嗽、呼吸困难和咯血是肺实质疾病的表现。
