Department of Science Biology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia.
Centre of Family Dental Health, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
PeerJ. 2024 Jul 25;12:e17790. doi: 10.7717/peerj.17790. eCollection 2024.
Understanding human stem cell differentiation into osteoblasts and osteoclasts is crucial for bone regeneration and disease modeling. Numerous morphological techniques have been employed to assess this differentiation, but a comprehensive review of their application and effectiveness is lacking.
Guided by the PRISMA framework, we conducted a rigorous search through the PubMed, Web of Science and Scopus databases, analyzing 254 articles. Each article was scrutinized against pre-defined inclusion criteria, yielding a refined selection of 14 studies worthy of in-depth analysis.
The trends in using morphological approaches were identified for analyzing osteoblast and osteoclast differentiation. The three most used techniques for osteoblasts were Alizarin Red S (mineralization; six articles), von Kossa (mineralization; three articles) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP; two articles) followed by one article on Giemsa staining (cell morphology) and finally immunochemistry (three articles involved Vinculin, F-actin and Col1 biomarkers). For osteoclasts, tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP staining) has the highest number of articles (six articles), followed by two articles on DAPI staining (cell morphology), and immunochemistry (two articles with VNR, Cathepsin K and TROP2. The study involved four stem cell types: peripheral blood monocyte, mesenchymal, dental pulp, and periodontal ligament.
This review offers a valuable resource for researchers, with Alizarin Red S and TRAP staining being the most utilized morphological procedures for osteoblasts and osteoclasts, respectively. This understanding provides a foundation for future research in this rapidly changing field.
理解人类干细胞向成骨细胞和破骨细胞的分化对于骨再生和疾病建模至关重要。已经采用了许多形态学技术来评估这种分化，但缺乏对其应用和效果的全面综述。
根据 PRISMA 框架，我们通过 PubMed、Web of Science 和 Scopus 数据库进行了严格的搜索，分析了 254 篇文章。根据预先确定的纳入标准对每篇文章进行了仔细审查，得出了 14 篇值得深入分析的精选研究。
确定了用于分析成骨细胞和破骨细胞分化的形态学方法的趋势。用于成骨细胞的三种最常用技术是茜素红 S（矿化；六篇文章）、von Kossa（矿化；三篇文章）和碱性磷酸酶（ALP；两篇文章），其次是一篇关于吉姆萨染色（细胞形态）的文章，最后是免疫化学（三篇文章涉及 Vinculin、F-actin 和 Col1 生物标志物）。对于破骨细胞，抗酒石酸酸性磷酸酶（TRAP 染色）的文章数量最多（六篇文章），其次是两篇关于 DAPI 染色（细胞形态）的文章，以及免疫化学（两篇文章涉及 VNR、Cathepsin K 和 TROP2。该研究涉及四种干细胞类型：外周血单核细胞、间充质、牙髓和牙周韧带。
本综述为研究人员提供了有价值的资源，其中茜素红 S 和 TRAP 染色分别是最常用于成骨细胞和破骨细胞的形态学程序。这种理解为这个快速变化的领域的未来研究提供了基础。
