Mesoporous FeO/SiO/poly(2-carboxyethyl acrylate) composite polymer particles for pH-responsive loading and targeted release of bioactive molecules.

pH-responsive polymer microspheres undergoing reversible changes in their surface properties have been proved useful for drug delivery to targeted sites. This paper is aimed at preparing pH-responsive polymer-modified magnetic mesoporous SiO particles. First, mesoporous magnetic (FeO) core-particles are prepared using a one-pot solvothermal method. Then, magnetic FeO particles are covered with a C[double bond, length as m-dash]C functional mesoporous SiO layer before seeded emulsion polymerization of 2-carboxyethyl acrylate (2-CEA). The composite polymer particles are named FeO/SiO/P(2-CEA). The average diameters of the FeO core and FeO/SiO/P(2-CEA) composite polymer particles are 414 and 595 nm, respectively. The mesoporous (pore diameter = 3.41 nm) structure of FeO/SiO/P(2-CEA) composite polymer particles is confirmed from Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface analysis. The synthesized FeO/SiO/P(2-CEA) composite polymer exhibited pH-dependent changes in volume and surface charge density due to deprotonation of the carboxyl group under alkaline pH conditions. The change in the surface properties of FeO/SiO/P(2-CEA) composite polymer particles following pH change is confirmed from the pH-dependent sorption of cationic methylene blue (MB) and anionic methyl orange (MO) dye molecules. The opening of the pH-responsive P(2-CEA) gate valve at pH 10.0 allowed the release of loaded vancomycin up to 99% after 165 min and -acetamido phenol (-AP) up to 46% after 225 min. Comparatively, the amount of release is lower at pH 8.0 but still suitable for drug delivery applications. These results suggested that the mesoporous FeO/SiO composite seed acted as a microcapsule, while P(2-CEA) functioned as a gate valve across the porous channel. The prepared composite polymer can therefore be useful for treating intestine/colon cancer, where the pH is comparatively alkaline.