Han Jiuhui, Johnson Isaac, Chen Mingwei
WPI Advanced Institute for Materials Research, Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8577, Japan.
Frontier Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Sciences (FRIS), Tohoku University, Sendai, 980-8578, Japan.
Adv Mater. 2022 Apr;34(15):e2108750. doi: 10.1002/adma.202108750. Epub 2022 Feb 25.
Constructing bulk graphene materials with well-reserved 2D properties is essential for device and engineering applications of atomically thick graphene. In this article, the recent progress in the fabrications and applications of sterically continuous porous graphene with designable microstructures, chemistries, and properties for energy storage and conversion are reviewed. Both template-based and template-free methods have been developed to synthesize the 3D continuously porous graphene, which typically has the microstructure reminiscent of pseudo-periodic minimal surfaces. The 3D graphene can well preserve the properties of 2D graphene of being highly conductive, surface abundant, and mechanically robust, together with unique 2D electronic behaviors. Additionally, the bicontinuous porosity and large curvature offer new functionalities, such as rapid mass transport, ample open space, mechanical flexibility, and tunable electric/thermal conductivity. Particularly, the 3D curvature provides a new degree of freedom for tailoring the catalysis and transport properties of graphene. The 3D graphene with those extraordinary properties has shown great promises for a wide range of applications, especially for energy conversion and storage. This article overviews the recent advances made in addressing the challenges of developing 3D continuously porous graphene, the benefits and opportunities of the new materials for energy-related applications, and the remaining challenges that warrant future study.
构建具有良好保留二维特性的块状石墨烯材料对于原子级厚度石墨烯的器件和工程应用至关重要。本文综述了具有可设计微观结构、化学性质和储能及能量转换特性的空间连续多孔石墨烯在制备和应用方面的最新进展。基于模板和无模板的方法都已被开发用于合成三维连续多孔石墨烯，其微观结构通常使人联想到伪周期极小曲面。三维石墨烯能够很好地保留二维石墨烯的高导电性、表面丰富性和机械稳健性等特性，以及独特的二维电子行为。此外，双连续孔隙率和大曲率提供了新的功能，如快速质量传输、充足的开放空间、机械柔韧性和可调的电/热导率。特别地，三维曲率为定制石墨烯的催化和传输特性提供了新的自由度。具有这些非凡特性的三维石墨烯在广泛的应用中展现出了巨大潜力，尤其是在能量转换和存储方面。本文概述了在应对开发三维连续多孔石墨烯挑战方面取得的最新进展、这种新材料在能源相关应用中的优势和机遇，以及有待未来研究解决的剩余挑战。
