Lai Liuliu, Zhang Shuai, Li Lilian, Zhu Dajian
School of Economics and Management, Shanghai Institute of Technology, Shanghai, 201418, China.
College of Design and Innovation, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China.
Heliyon. 2024 Jul 3;10(13):e34040. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e34040. eCollection 2024 Jul 15.
Enhancing the efficiency with which ecological consumption is transformed into human well-being is a necessary condition for achieving sustainable development. However, the current literature lacks systematic methods and applications for scientifically assessing Ecological Well-being Performance (EWP). How to value and index EWP is crucial to improve EWP. This study combines the Human Development Index (HDI), Life Satisfaction (LS), and Ecological Footprint (EF) to construct a new Index of Ecological Well-being Performance (IEWP). Meanwhile, human inequality and urbanization are two common and profound socio-economic phenomena with potential impacts on EWP. Therefore, this study uses panel data for 129 countries from 2010 to 2021 and applies the System-GMM approach to explore the impact of human inequality, urbanization, and the interaction between these two factors on EWP. Our results show that EWP has a cumulative effect in the long run. Human inequality has a negative effect on EWP, while the effect of urbanization is positive. Compared to developed countries, the negative impact of human inequality and the positive impact of urbanization are more pronounced in emerging and developing countries. This paper further reveals that the interaction term inhibits EWP, which indicates that urbanization exacerbates the negative effect of human inequality and that human inequality weakens the positive effect of urbanization. This paper contributes to understanding how human inequality and urbanization affect sustainable development from the perspective of EWP.
提高生态消费转化为人类福祉的效率是实现可持续发展的必要条件。然而，当前文献缺乏科学评估生态福祉绩效（EWP）的系统方法和应用。如何评估EWP并为其编制指数对于提高EWP至关重要。本研究结合人类发展指数（HDI）、生活满意度（LS）和生态足迹（EF）构建了一个新的生态福祉绩效指数（IEWP）。同时，人类不平等和城市化是两种常见且深刻的社会经济现象，对EWP有潜在影响。因此，本研究使用2010年至2021年129个国家的面板数据，并应用系统广义矩估计方法来探讨人类不平等、城市化以及这两个因素之间的相互作用对EWP的影响。我们的结果表明，EWP从长期来看具有累积效应。人类不平等对EWP有负面影响，而城市化的影响是积极的。与发达国家相比，人类不平等的负面影响和城市化的积极影响在新兴和发展中国家更为明显。本文进一步揭示，交互项抑制了EWP，这表明城市化加剧了人类不平等的负面影响，而人类不平等削弱了城市化的积极影响。本文有助于从EWP的角度理解人类不平等和城市化如何影响可持续发展。
