School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
College of Integrative Medicine, Maharishi International University, Fairfield, Iowa, USA.
Obes Rev. 2024 Oct;25(10):e13800. doi: 10.1111/obr.13800. Epub 2024 Jul 28.
Psychological distress has a demonstrable impact on cardiovascular diseases (CVD) and risk factors. Transcendental Meditation (TM) has been shown to reduce stress and improve health and well-being. The current review aimed to synthesize the evidence on the effects of TM on cardiometabolic outcomes and identify gaps for future research. We searched PubMed/MEDLINE, EMBASE, SCOPUS, and Web of Science databases for relevant literature. Forty-five papers that reported studies of TM on cardiometabolic risk factors and diseases were included. Evidence shows that TM is effective in reducing blood pressure (BP). We found some evidence that TM can improve insulin resistance and may play a role in improving dyslipidemia, exercise tolerance, and myocardial blood flow, and in reducing carotid intima-media thickness and left ventricular mass. Studies show that long-term TM practice can reduce the risk of myocardial infarction, stroke, and CVD mortality. This review identified that certain studies have high participant drop-out rates, and fewer studies targeted comprehensive cardiometabolic outcomes beyond BP with longer follow-up periods. We found that most studies were conducted in specific populations, which may limit generalizability. In conclusion, TM has the potential to improve cardiometabolic health; however, research gaps highlight the need for larger phase III multicenter clinical trials with long-term follow-ups.
心理困扰对心血管疾病 (CVD) 和风险因素有明显影响。超越冥想 (TM) 已被证明可以减轻压力，改善健康和幸福感。本综述旨在综合 TM 对心脏代谢结局影响的证据，并确定未来研究的空白。我们在 PubMed/MEDLINE、EMBASE、SCOPUS 和 Web of Science 数据库中搜索了相关文献。纳入了 45 篇报告 TM 对心脏代谢危险因素和疾病影响的研究论文。证据表明 TM 可有效降低血压 (BP)。我们发现一些证据表明 TM 可以改善胰岛素抵抗，可能在改善血脂异常、运动耐量和心肌血流以及降低颈动脉内膜中层厚度和左心室质量方面发挥作用。研究表明，长期 TM 练习可以降低心肌梗死、中风和 CVD 死亡率的风险。本综述确定了某些研究存在较高的参与者脱落率，并且较少的研究针对除 BP 以外的综合心脏代谢结局进行了研究，随访时间更长。我们发现大多数研究都是在特定人群中进行的，这可能限制了其普遍性。总之，TM 有可能改善心脏代谢健康；然而，研究空白突显了需要进行更大规模的 III 期多中心临床试验，并进行长期随访。
