Department of Exercise Science, German University of Health and Sport, Ismaning, Germany; and.
Department of Elite Youth Soccer, DSC Arminia Bielefeld, Bielefeld, Germany.
J Strength Cond Res. 2024 Nov 1;38(11):1900-1910. doi: 10.1519/JSC.0000000000004890. Epub 2024 Jul 23.
Skratek, J, Kadlubowski, B, and Keiner, M. The effect of traditional strength training on sprint and jump performance in 12- to 15-year-old elite soccer players: a 12-month controlled trial. J Strength Cond Res 38(11): 1900-1910, 2024-The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of traditional strength training on maximum strength (1 repetition maximum in front squat [FS] and back squat [BS]), jump (squat and countermovement jump), and linear sprint (LS) performance (5, 10, and 30 m) in elite young soccer players. A 12-month longitudinal design was chosen, and 48 elite male youth soccer players (age: 12-15 years) were included. The subjects were divided in 2 groups (a strength training group [STG] and a control group [CG]). The intervention group trained for 1 year over a competitive soccer season with additional sessions to their regular soccer practice (4 sessions per week), while the CG did not complete any additional sessions to the regular soccer training (4 sessions per week). The additional strength training (2 sessions per week [each approximately 30 minutes]) consisted of either parallel FS or BS. The squat variants switched in each session. Data were analyzed using a 2 × 3 (group × time) repeated-measures analysis of variance. The main findings of this study were that the STG resulted in significant pretest and post-test improvements in maximum strength ( d = 3.75-5.58), jump ( d = 0.84-1.14), and LS performance ( d = -0.25 to 0.44), while for the CG, smaller increases or performance decreases were measured (maximum strength: d = 1.64-2.7; jump: d = 0.12-0.31; sprint: d = 0.00-025). A significant interaction effect in all variables indicated significant ( p < 0.05) stronger performance improvements compared with the CG. Traditional strength training in elite youth soccer players is recommended to increase strength and speed-strength (jump and sprint performance) and should be considered in long-term athletic development programs.
斯克拉泰克、卡德洛布夫斯基和凯纳。传统力量训练对 12-15 岁精英足球运动员冲刺和跳跃表现的影响：一项为期 12 个月的对照试验。《力量与调节研究杂志》38(11)：1900-1910，2024-本研究旨在评估传统力量训练对 12-15 岁精英年轻足球运动员最大力量（前深蹲[FS]和后深蹲[BS]的 1 次重复最大值）、跳跃（深蹲和纵跳）和直线冲刺（5、10 和 30 m）表现的影响。选择了 12 个月的纵向设计，并纳入了 48 名精英男青年足球运动员（年龄：12-15 岁）。将受试者分为 2 组（力量训练组[STG]和对照组[CG]）。实验组在一个竞争赛季中进行了 1 年的训练，在常规足球训练之外增加了训练次数（每周 4 次），而 CG 没有在常规足球训练之外增加任何训练次数（每周 4 次）。额外的力量训练（每周 2 次[每次约 30 分钟]）由平行 FS 或 BS 组成。每个训练课程中都会切换深蹲变体。使用 2×3（组×时间）重复测量方差分析对数据进行分析。本研究的主要发现是，STG 导致最大力量（ d = 3.75-5.58）、跳跃（ d = 0.84-1.14）和 LS 表现（ d = -0.25 至 0.44）的预测试和后测试均有显著提高，而 CG 则测量到较小的提高或表现下降（最大力量： d = 1.64-2.7；跳跃： d = 0.12-0.31；冲刺： d = 0.00-025）。所有变量的显著交互效应表明，与 CG 相比，性能提高更为显著（ p < 0.05）。在精英青年足球运动员中进行传统力量训练，以提高力量和速度力量（跳跃和冲刺表现），并应考虑纳入长期运动发展计划。
