Nowak Michał, Szymanek-Pilarczyk Marta, Stolarczyk Artur, Oleksy Łukasz, Muracki Jarosław, Wąsik Jacek
Faculty of Physical Culture Sciences, Collegium Medicum im. dr. Władysława Biegańskiego, Jan Długosz University in Częstochowa, Częstochowa, Poland.
Science Department of the RKS Raków Częstochowa Academy, Częstochowa, Poland.
Front Physiol. 2025 Jan 8;15:1502694. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2024.1502694. eCollection 2024.
This study aimed to assess the development of speed, endurance and power in young football players and to create percentile charts and tables for standardized assessment.
Cross-sectional data were collected from 495 male players aged 12-16 years at RKS Raków Częstochowa Academy in 2018-2022. Players participated in a systematic training in which running time 5 m, 10 m, 30 m, lower limb power (standing long jump), and Maximum Aerobic Speed (MAS) were measured using the 30-15 Intermittent Fitness Test. All tests were performed under constant environmental conditions by qualified personnel. Statistical analysis included ANOVA and percentile distribution for P3, P10, P25, P50, P75, P90, P97.
Results indicated that the most significant improvements occurred between the ages of 13 and 14, with increased speed over all distances and a significant increase in power. Percentile tables were developed, highlighting improvements in speed 5 m: 0.087-0.126 s; 10 m 0.162-0.215 s; 30 m: 0.438-0.719 s and power in the long jump test: 31-48 cm. Improvements in MAS ranged from 0.3 to 0.6 m/s across the percentiles.
The results highlight the need for individual training programs tailored to the biological maturity of players. The developed percentile charts and tables offer a valuable tool for coaches and sports scientists to monitor progress, optimize training loads, and minimize the risk of injury, providing a frame of reference for assessing the physical development of young soccer players. Future research should focus on extending these charts and tables to other age groups and genders to refine training methodologies further.
本研究旨在评估年轻足球运动员速度、耐力和力量的发展情况，并创建百分位数图表和表格用于标准化评估。
2018年至2022年期间，从琴斯托霍瓦RKS拉克夫足球学院的495名12至16岁男性球员中收集横断面数据。球员们参加了系统训练，其中使用30-15间歇体能测试测量了5米、10米、30米跑步时间、下肢力量（立定跳远）和最大有氧速度（MAS）。所有测试均由合格人员在恒定环境条件下进行。统计分析包括方差分析以及P3、P10、P25、P50、P75、P90、P97的百分位数分布。
结果表明，最显著的进步发生在13岁至14岁之间，所有距离的速度均有所提高，力量也显著增加。制定了百分位数表格，突出了速度方面的进步：5米为0.087 - 0.126秒；10米为0.162 - 0.215秒；30米为0.438 - 0.719秒，立定跳远测试中的力量进步为31 - 48厘米。各百分位数的MAS提高范围为0.3至0.6米/秒。
结果强调了针对球员生物成熟度制定个性化训练计划的必要性。所制定的百分位数图表和表格为教练和运动科学家提供了一个有价值的工具，用于监测进展、优化训练负荷并将受伤风险降至最低，为评估年轻足球运动员的身体发育提供了参考框架。未来的研究应专注于将这些图表和表格扩展到其他年龄组和性别，以进一步完善训练方法。
